The role of temporal prediction in guiding attention through time during language comprehension.

时间预测在语言理解过程中通过时间引导注意力的作用。

• 批准号: 10536173
• 负责人: Eleonora Judith Beier
• 金额: $ 7.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10536173
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Apple; Attention; Auditory Perception; Behavioral; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive; Comprehension; Computer Models; Cues; Data Collection; Detection; Development; Disease; Eating; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Experimental Designs; Fellowship; Future; Germany; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Language; Language Disorders; Linguistics; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Memory; Methodology; Methods; Mind; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurocognitive; Neurosciences; Neurosciences Research; Participant; Periodicity; Persons; Play; Psycholinguistics; Research; Research Methodology; Research Training; Role; Semantics; Sensory; Shapes; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Speech Disorders; Stress; Structure; Supervision; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Training Programs; Visit; Visual Perception; base; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive skill; directed attention; experimental study; improved; interdisciplinary approach; language comprehension; language processing; method development; relating to nervous system; response; semantic processing; skills; theories

Project Summary/Abstract Spoken language rapidly conveys information over time. Current theories hold that listeners make continuous predictions about the importance and the timing of information as it arrives. Prior psycholinguistic studies have investigated whether listeners pre-allocate attention to points in time when important information is predicted to occur, but the results have not been consistent, and the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms remain unclear. Non-linguistic studies of auditory and visual perception have shown that people use temporal predictions to guide attention in time to behaviorally relevant events. This is achieved through two primary mechanisms: rhythm-based and memory-based predictions. This proposal will take an interdisciplinary approach, by investigating the role of these perceptual temporal attention mechanisms in language comprehension through a psycholinguistic theoretical framework. Candidate sources of temporal prediction in language are the rhythmic regularity of speech (the alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables) and discourse cues (introduced by the linguistic context). This project will contribute to the lively contemporary debate in speech neuroscience concerning the importance of neural entrainment, a mechanism of temporal prediction. There are three specific aims: (1) Examine if rhythm-based temporal predictions arise from greater rhythmic regularity in speech. (2) Determine whether memory-based temporal predictions are elicited by discourse cues. (3) Elucidate the respective effects of speech rhythmic regularity and discourse cues on semantic processing, a core component of language comprehension. Two experiments will employ electrophysiological (EEG) measures of neural activity to characterize these mechanisms. The fellowship applicant’s primary training goal is the acquisition of electrophysiological skills for cognitive neuroscience research, including experimental design, data collection, analysis and interpretation. She will be supervised by sponsors Drs. Mangun and Swaab, world leaders in the use of EEG methods to study attention and language, respectively. Dr. Mangun is the Director of the UC Davis Center for Mind and Brain (CMB), an acclaimed hub for research, methods development, and training using EEG to study cognition. The applicant will benefit from the rich research and training environment at the CMB, including the NIMH-supported summer training programs in electrophysiology (led by consultant Dr. Luck) and cognitive neuroscience (led by Dr. Mangun). She will also be trained in computational modelling by the consultants Drs. Oganian and Breska during a 3- month visit to Tübingen, Germany. This project will provide a better understanding of the role of temporal prediction and attention in language comprehension, contributing to theoretical models and methodological advancements in the cognitive neuroscience of language by reconciling diverging lines of research. Elucidating the role of temporal prediction in language comprehension in healthy individuals is vital for understanding the cognitive-neural bases of language disorders, which will inform the development of effective forms of therapy.

项目总结/摘要 随着时间的推移，口语迅速传达信息。目前的理论认为， 预测信息到达的重要性和时间。先前的心理语言学研究 调查听众是否预先分配注意力的时间点时，重要的信息是预测， 发生，但结果并不一致，潜在的神经认知机制仍然存在 不清楚对听觉和视觉感知的非语言学研究表明， 预测以及时引导注意力到行为相关的事件。这是通过两个主要的 机制：基于节奏和基于记忆的预测。这一建议将采取跨学科的 方法，通过研究这些知觉时间注意机制在语言中的作用， 通过心理语言学理论框架的理解。时间预测的候选源 语言是语音的节奏规律性（重读音节和非重读音节的交替）， 话语线索（由语言语境引入）。该项目将有助于活跃的当代 在言语神经科学中关于神经夹带的重要性的争论，一种时间的机制， 预测.有三个具体目标：（1）检查基于节奏的时间预测是否来自更大的 说话的节奏规律性。(2)确定基于记忆的时间预测是否由以下因素引起： 话语线索(3)阐述了言语节奏规律性和话语线索对 语义处理是语言理解的核心部分。两个实验将采用 神经活动的电生理（EEG）测量来表征这些机制。研究金 申请人的主要培训目标是获得认知神经科学的电生理技能 研究，包括实验设计，数据收集，分析和解释。她将由 赞助人Mangun博士和Swaab博士，他们是使用EEG方法研究注意力和语言的世界领导者， 分别Mangun博士是加州大学戴维斯分校大脑中心（CMB）的主任，该中心是一个备受赞誉的中心 用于研究、方法开发和使用EEG研究认知的培训。申请人将受益于 CMB丰富的研究和培训环境，包括NIMH支持的夏季培训 电生理学（由顾问博士领导）和认知神经科学（由Mangun博士领导）。 她还将接受顾问Oganian博士和Breska博士的计算建模培训， 访问德国图宾根。这个项目将提供一个更好的理解时间的作用， 语言理解的预测和注意力，有助于理论模型和方法 通过协调不同的研究路线，在语言的认知神经科学方面取得了进展。阐明 时间预测在健康个体语言理解中的作用对于理解 语言障碍的认知神经基础，这将为有效治疗形式的开发提供信息。