NK cell memory subsets and their impact on HIV disease progression and vaccination

NK 细胞记忆亚群及其对 HIV 疾病进展和疫苗接种的影响

• 批准号: 10534505
• 负责人: Kawthar Machmach leggat
• 金额: $ 21.93万
• 依托单位: HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10534505
• 关键词: ARID Domain; Acute; Adenovirus Vector; Adjuvant; Antibodies; Antigens; Antiviral Response; Attention; Autologous; BTB/POZ Domain; Biological Assay; COVID-19 therapeutics; Cell physiology; Cells; Characteristics; Chronic; Development; Disease; Disease Progression; Epigenetic Process; FDA approved; Flow Cytometry; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Health; Human; IgG Receptors; Immune; Immune response; Immune system; Immunotherapeutic agent; Infection; Interferons; Intervention; Knowledge; Lead; Maps; Mediating; Memory; Military Personnel; Molecular; Mosaicism; NK Cell Activation; Natural Killer Cells; Pharmacologic Substance; Phase; Phenotype; Play; Prevention; Research; Research Proposals; Role; SIV; Specificity; Specimen; Testing; Vaccination; Vaccines; Viral; Viral Load result; Virus Diseases; Zinc Fingers; adaptive immunity; anti-tumor immune response; antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity; base; cohort; cytokine; cytotoxicity; exhaustion; immunoregulation; improved; methylome; nonhuman primate; novel; pandemic disease; pathogenic virus; programs; response; therapeutically effective; transcription factor; vaccination strategy; vaccine platform; vaccine strategy; vaccine trial; vector vaccine; vector-based vaccine

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT: Despite the many options for HIV treatment and prevention, an efficacious and safe vaccine remains a key component in efforts to end the pandemic. Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in anti-viral immune responses. Not only have they have been shown to play a critical role in host protection through direct targeting of virally infected cells and also via NK-mediated antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, recent studies suggest a more encompassing role for NK cells since they can develop into long-lived memory cells and acquire antigen specificity. Thus, there is a need to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating NK cell responses to natural HIV infection and HIV vaccination. The long-term goal of our research is to devise safe and effective vaccine strategies to counter this viral pandemic. To achieve this, we have focused on understanding the mechanisms that mobilize NK cells, with particular attention to inducing NK cell cytotoxicity. The objective of this proposal is to identify qualitative and quantitative features of NK cell activation and differentiation inducted by HIV natural infection and Adenovirus (Ad)-vectored-based vaccination. The overarching hypothesis is that both natural HIV infection and Ad-vectored HIV vaccination will induce the activation and maturation of NK cells and subsequent development of memory NK cells. Our rationale is that understanding the mechanisms regulating NK cell activation and functionality, in addition to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antibody-mediated NK cell functions, in response to both natural HIV infection and vaccination, will be beneficial for establishing translational interventions against HIV and other viral infections. Our specific aims will test the following: Aim 1: Differentiate memory NK cell subsets and their potential impact on HIV disease progression and response to Ad26.Mos.HIV vaccination; and Aim 2: Map and compare memory NK cell epigenetic signatures in response to HIV natural infection and Ad26.Mos.HIV vaccination. Upon conclusion, our analysis will help to fill the current knowledge gap regarding NK cell memory development in responses to both natural HIV infection and HIV vaccination. This knowledge is important because we expect it to identify novel aspects of the immune system we can modulate to our advantage against viral pathogens, and ultimately use NK cells as part of future effective therapeutic vaccine strategies.

项目摘要/摘要： 尽管艾滋病毒的治疗和预防有许多选择，但有效和安全的疫苗仍然是关键。 这是结束这一大流行的努力的重要组成部分。自然杀伤(NK)细胞在抗病毒免疫中发挥关键作用 回应。它们不仅被证明通过直接靶向在宿主保护中发挥关键作用 也可通过NK介导的抗体依赖的细胞毒作用。然而，最近 研究表明，NK细胞具有更广泛的作用，因为它们可以发育成长寿的记忆细胞和 获得抗原特异性。因此，有必要阐明细胞和分子调控机制。 自然感染HIV和接种HIV疫苗后的NK细胞反应。我们研究的长期目标是设计出 安全有效的疫苗战略，以对抗这一病毒大流行。为了实现这一目标，我们将重点放在 了解动员NK细胞的机制，特别注意诱导NK细胞的细胞毒作用。 这项建议的目的是确定NK细胞激活的定性和定量特征，并 HIV自然感染和腺病毒(Ad)载体疫苗诱导分化。这个 最重要的假设是，无论是自然感染的艾滋病毒还是携带病毒的疫苗接种都会导致 NK细胞的激活和成熟以及随后记忆性NK细胞的发育。我们的理由是 了解调节NK细胞激活和功能的机制，以及细胞和 抗体介导的NK细胞功能的分子机制，对自然感染HIV和 疫苗接种将有利于建立针对艾滋病毒和其他病毒感染的转化性干预措施。 我们的具体目标将测试以下内容：目标1：分化记忆NK细胞亚群及其潜在影响 关于艾滋病毒疾病进展和对Ad26.Mos.HIV疫苗接种的反应；和目标2：映射和比较记忆 自然感染HIV和Ad26.Mos.HIV疫苗接种后的NK细胞表观遗传学特征。vt.在.的基础上 结论：我们的分析将有助于填补目前关于NK细胞记忆发育的知识空白。 对自然艾滋病毒感染和艾滋病毒疫苗接种的反应。这一知识很重要，因为我们期望它 为了识别免疫系统的新方面，我们可以对病毒病原体进行有利的调节，以及 最终将NK细胞作为未来有效的治疗性疫苗策略的一部分。