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The Development of Categorization

分类的发展

基本信息

批准号：
10664969
负责人：
VLADIMIR M SLOUTSKY
金额：
$ 64.3万
依托单位：
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2014-08-01 至 2026-06-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10664969
关键词：
4 year old 9 year old Adult Affect Age Attention Award Canis familiaris Categories Child Cognition Color Computer Models Data Development Developmental Disabilities Diagnosis Diagnostic Dimensions Disparate Elderly Exhibits Experimental Models Eye Goals Human Intellectual functioning disability Intelligence Joints Knowledge Learning Link Longitudinal Studies Memory Methodology Mind Modeling Participant Pattern Performance Persons Property Reaction Time Research Research Personnel Role Semantics Series Shapes Stimulus Structure Testing Time Training Williams Syndrome age difference autism spectrum disorder cognitive development comparison group design developmental disease experimental study gaze lexical public health relevance research and development selective attention statistical learning statistics tool transfer learning young adult

项目摘要

Project Summary The proposed project is designed to advance our understanding of the development of category learning – a fundamental component of human intelligence. The proposed research is based on the hypothesis of multiple mechanisms sub-serving category learning: (a) an early developing mechanism (Mechanism1) is based on distributed attention and learning of within-category statistics and (b) later developing mechanism (Mechanism2) is based on selective attention to category-relevant information. Under Mechanism1, both relevant and less relevant dimensions are encoded, with learned representations being similar to the input stimulus structure (i.e., no learning-based representational change). Under Mechanism2, learned representations are different from input stimulus structure (we refer to this difference as learning-based representational change). Differences between Mechanism1 and Mechanism2 will transpire in many performance indicators, including attention allocation during learning, memory for features, shapes of learning curves, and accuracy and response times during training and testing. To test these hypotheses, we will conduct a series of experiments with 4-9-year-old children, and adults. The proposed project has the following Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 is to conduct cross-sectional experiments and a longitudinal study examining mechanisms of category learning across development. Mechanism1 and Mechanism2 predict qualitatively different patterns of (1) attention allocation, categorization, and memory and (2) pre- and post-learning representations of categories. Specific Aim 2 is to apply computational models to data collected within Study 1 to identify the differences between the two hypothesized mechanisms of category learning. To achieve this goal, eye gaze and categorization and memory choice and response time data will be submitted to a suite of models capturing the hypothesized mechanisms. The proposed project will advance our understanding of links among critical aspects of typical cognitive development – selective attention, category learning, and memory.

项目摘要建议的项目旨在提高我们对类别学习发展的理解- 人类智能的基本组成部分。该研究基于以下假设：多种机制辅助类别学习：（a）早期发展机制（机制1），基于类内统计的分布式注意和学习;（B）后期开发机制（机制2）基于对类别相关信息的选择性注意。在机制1下，相关和不太相关的维度被编码，学习的表示与输入相似刺激结构（即，没有基于学习的表征变化）。在机制2下，学习表征与输入刺激结构不同（我们将这种差异称为基于学习的代表性变化）。机制1和机制2之间的差异将在许多方面发生性能指标，包括学习过程中的注意力分配，特征记忆，学习形状曲线、准确度和响应时间。为了验证这些假设，我们将在4 - 9岁的儿童和成人中进行一系列实验。拟议项目有以下内容具体目标。具体目标1是进行横断面实验和纵向研究，跨发展的类别学习机制。机制1和机制2定性预测不同的模式（1）注意力分配，分类和记忆（2）学习前和学习后类别的表示。具体目标2是将计算模型应用于研究1中收集的数据以确定类别学习的两种假设机制之间的差异。实现这一目标，眼睛注视和分类，记忆选择和反应时间数据将提交给一套模型捕捉假设的机制。拟议的项目将促进我们对联系的理解在典型的认知发展的关键方面-选择性注意，类别学习和记忆。