The Development of Categorization

分类的发展

• 批准号: 9534708
• 负责人: VLADIMIR M SLOUTSKY
• 金额: $ 31.96万
• 依托单位: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9534708
• 关键词: 8 year old; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral Paradigm; Birth; Canis familiaris; Categories; Child; Cognition; Cognitive; Complex; Development; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Dimensions; Disease; Environment; Eye; Goals; Human; Infant; Intellectual functioning disability; Intelligence; Knowledge; Language; Laws; Learning; Life; Link; Measures; Methodology; Motor Skills; Pattern; Process; Research; Series; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Williams Syndrome; base; cognitive development; course development; design; developmental disease; early childhood; experimental study; infancy; member; neuromechanism; novel; public health relevance; selective attention; statistics; theories; word learning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed project is designed to advance our understanding of the development and mechanism of categorization - a fundamental component of human intelligence. The proposed research is based on the hypothesis of multiple mechanisms sub-serving category learning: (a) an early developing mechanism that is based on distributed attention and learning of within-category statistics and (b) later developing mechanism that is based on selective attention to category-relevant information. To test these hypotheses, we will conduct a series of experiments with 8-20 month-old infants, 3-8 year-old children, and adults. The proposed project has the following Specific Aims. Specific Aim 1 is to examine developmental changes in category learning in infancy and early childhood. To achieve this aim, we will create category structures that can be learned by either distributed or selective attention, with each pattern of learning resulting in different category representation. By focusin on attention during category learning and on patterns of generalization, we will infer how categories are learned and represented. By comparing category learning and representation across ages under the same task and by manipulating the category structure we will infer how category learning changes with development. Specific Aim 2 is to link the development of selective attention with the development of category learning. To achieve this aim will measure selective attention independently of category learning and will link variability in selective attention with variability of learning category structures that require focused attention. The proposed project will elucidate the development and mechanism of categorization - one of the most critical components of cognitive development. In addition to contributing to our understanding of typical cognitive development, these answers may also contribute to the early diagnostics and treatment of several intellectual disorders, such as autism and Williams syndrome.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的项目旨在促进我们对分类的发展和机制的理解-人类智能的基本组成部分。本研究基于多机制辅助类别学习的假设：（a）基于分布注意和类别内统计学习的早期发展机制;（B）基于对类别相关信息的选择性注意的后期发展机制。为了验证这些假设，我们将对8-20个月大的婴儿、3-8岁的儿童和成人进行一系列实验。拟议项目有以下具体目标。具体目标1是检查发展变化的类别学习在婴儿和幼儿。为了实现这一目标，我们将创建可以通过分布式或选择性学习的类别结构。 注意力，每种学习模式导致不同的类别表征。通过关注类别学习过程中的注意力和泛化模式，我们将推断类别是如何学习和表现的。通过比较同一任务下不同年龄的类别学习和表征，并通过操纵类别结构，我们将推断类别学习如何随着发展而变化。具体目标2是将选择性注意的发展与类别学习的发展联系起来。为了实现这一目标，将测量选择性注意力独立的类别学习，并将选择性注意力的变化与需要集中注意力的学习类别结构的变化联系起来。本计划将探讨范畴化的发展及机制，范畴化是认知发展的重要组成部分。除了有助于我们理解典型的认知发展，这些答案也可能有助于早期诊断和治疗几种智力障碍，如自闭症和威廉姆斯综合征。