Characterizing Host-Virus Interactions in a New HIV Model Organism

项目摘要 艾滋病毒仍然是上个世纪最严重的人畜共患疾病，有3600万人死亡，另有3700万人死亡 感染了即使在今天，全球每天仍有近2 000人死于艾滋病毒/艾滋病。药物正在减轻 艾滋病病毒对人体和病毒传播给他人。然而，艾滋病毒/艾滋病四十年来， 尽管有大流行，但仍然没有疫苗或治疗方法。艾滋病疫苗和治疗方法发展的一个障碍是 一直缺乏有效的动物模式生物。猕猴作为一种动物， 该模型在20世纪80年代问世，至今仍是主要的艾滋病毒模型。然而，这也存在着众所周知的问题 最大的问题是SHIV只能含有大约30%的HIV-1， 基因组（基本上，只是Env）。在这里，我们描述了一种新的HIV感染动物模型。总体目标 这项赠款的目的是设计和测试生理相关的传播/创始人（T/F）HIV-1菌株， 模式物种我们检测并优化了这些病毒与CCR 5和RanBP 2宿主因子结合的能力 在新的模式物种中，并研究病毒是如何在这个物种中逃避限制因素的。所有新 然后将测定开发的病毒对HIV-1抗体中和的敏感性。综合起来看， 我们将了解艾滋病毒宿主转换的分子基础，同时，我们将了解我们所研究的病毒。 该提案中的设计将成为HIV-1研究的重要工具。这个新的动物模型将作为一个令人兴奋的 新的模型系统，其中研究艾滋病毒-1生物学和免疫的各个方面。

PROJECT SUMMARY HIV remains the most consequential zoonosis of the last century, with 36 million fatalities and another 37 million infected. Even today, almost 2,000 people per day die of HIV/AIDS globally. Medications are reducing the effects of HIV on the human body and transmission of the virus to others. However, forty years into the HIV/AIDS pandemic, there are still no vaccines or cures. One hindrance to the development of HIV vaccines and cures has been the lack of an effective animal model organism. Macaques were thoughtfully developed as an animal model in the 1980s and remain the main HIV model today. However, there are well-known problems with this model, with the most significant problem being that SHIVs can only be made to contain about 30% of the HIV-1 genome (essentially, just Env). Here, we describe a new animal model for HIV infection. The overarching goal of this grant is to design and test physiologically-relevant transmitted/founder (T/F) HIV-1 strains for this new model species. We examine and optimize the ability of these viruses to bind to CCR5 and RanBP2 host factors in the new model species, and study how the virus is evading restriction factors in this species. All newly developed viruses will then be assayed for their sensitivity to neutralization by HIV-1 antibodies. Taken together, we will learn about the molecular underpinnings of HIV host switching, and at the same time the viruses we design in this proposal will become a vital tool for HIV-1 research. This new animal model will serve as an exciting new model system in which to study all aspects of HIV-1 biology and immunity.