The Impact of Combined Exposure to Metals and Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances on Stress, Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Mortality

项目总结 个人的健康和生活成果与他们成长和生活的环境交织在一起。这个 一个人所经历的所有暴露都会在短期内和整个生命过程中影响健康。 在环境中暴露于多种污染物会增加个人和社区的压力水平 社会心理压力因素，如犯罪、吸毒和酗酒，以及暴力也对 个人和邻居的福祉。此外，本地服务的可用性、组织和质量 机构和基础设施在短期和长期都会影响健康。 个人容易同时暴露在一系列环境和心理社会应激源之下。 接触铅、镉、汞、全氟辛烷等环境污染物 磺酸(全氟辛烷磺酸)和全氟烷化物质(全氟烷化物质)独立地与 不利的健康后果，但对它们对个人和邻居的联合影响知之甚少 压力、心血管疾病(CVD)风险和CVD死亡率。 探索不同的环境污染物如何结合在一起导致个人和 社区对于促进美国民众更健康、更长寿至关重要。 在生命历程理论的背景下，我们的研究试图弥合关于接触到 多种污染物以了解铅、镉、汞、全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸对(A)不平衡负荷的联合影响， 个人慢性压力的衡量，(B)累积普查跟踪心理社会压力的风险，a 测量社区压力、心血管疾病风险和心血管疾病死亡率。我们假设多种环境 暴露会增加个人和邻里层面的压力、心血管疾病风险和心血管疾病死亡率。 了解铅、镉、汞、全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛烷磺酸的综合影响程度是至关重要的。 这项研究的结果。具体地说，研究结果可以通过干预措施来解决，这些干预措施是针对最有可能感染 限制接触这些污染物的组合。研究结果将产生修改后的数据分析 在考虑调查数据设计的同时对暴露的综合影响进行建模的技术。此外 对于它对健康的影响，这个项目将吸引和培训学生，特别是那些来自历史上的学生 被排除在外的学生群体，即黑人和西班牙裔，进行环境流行病学研究和 数据分析。总而言之，拟议的研究项目将加强目前对 多种环境污染物对个人和社区的压力、心血管疾病风险和死亡率；这将 扩大美国最大的北卡罗来纳农业技术州立大学的研究能力 HBCU，这与Sure计划的目标完全一致。

PROJECT SUMMARY The health and life outcomes of individuals are intertwined with the context in which they grow and live. The totality of exposures one experiences affects health in the short term and throughout the life course. Environmental exposure to multiple contaminants can increase stress levels in individuals and neighborhoods with psychosocial stressors such as crime, drug, and alcohol misuse, and violence also taking a toll on individual and neighborhood wellbeing. In addition, the availability, organization, and quality of local institutions and infrastructure all affect health in the short and long term. Individuals are vulnerable to simultaneous exposure to an array of environmental and psychosocial stressors. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFOA) are independently associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known about their combined effect on individual and neighborhood stress, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and CVD mortality. Exploring how diverse environmental pollutants combine to cause adverse health outcomes for individuals and neighborhoods is critical for promoting healthier longer lives among populations in the United States. Contextualized in the life course theory, our study seeks to close the gap in the literature on exposure to multiple contaminants to understand the combined effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, PFOS, and PFOA on (a) allostatic load, a measure of chronic individual stress, (b) Cumulative census track risk of psychosocial stress (CCRPS), a measure of neighborhood stress, CVD risk and CVD mortality. We hypothesize that multiple environmental exposures will increase individual and neighborhood level stress, CVD risk, CVD mortality. It is critical to understand the extent to which the combined effect of Pb, Cd, Hg, PFOS, and PFOA affect the outcomes in this study. Specifically, study results can be addressed through interventions for the most at risk to limit combinations of exposures to these contaminants. Study findings will produce modified data analytical techniques for modeling the combined effects of exposures while accounting for survey data design. In addition to its implications on health, this project, we will attract and train students, especially those from historically excluded student populations i.e., Black and Hispanic, to conduct research in environmental epidemiology and data analytics. In sum, the proposed research project will enhance the current understanding of the impact of multiple environmental pollutants on individual and neighborhood stress, CVD risk and mortality; this will expand the research capacity at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, the nation’s largest HBCU, which is perfectly aligned with the goals of the SuRE program.