Electric Vehicle Adoption in California: Predictors, Impacts on Local Air Quality and Respiratory Health, and Inequities

加州电动汽车的采用：预测因素、对当地空气质量和呼吸系统健康的影响以及不平等

• 批准号: 10634346
• 负责人: Erika Garcia
• 金额: $ 51.38万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-20 至 2028-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10634346
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adult asthma; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Asthma; Back; California; Cardiopulmonary; Case Study; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Charge; Childhood Asthma; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Collaborations; Communities; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Databases; Disease; Emergency department visit; Ensure; Environment; Equity; Evaluation; Exposure to; Focus Groups; Foundations; Future; Health; Health Benefit; Health Status; Hospitalization; Housing; Incentives; Inequity; Infrastructure; Knowledge; Left; Light; Los Angeles; Measures; Methods; Modification; Motor; Neighborhoods; Nitrogen Dioxide; Nitrogen Oxides; Outcome; Participant; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Policy Maker; Population; Predictive Factor; Public Health; Reporting; Research; Socioeconomic Status; Source; Structure; Testing; Transportation; United States; Vehicle Emissions; Work; air monitoring; asthma exacerbation; catalyst; climate change; community engaged research; community engagement; contextual factors; design; empowerment; epidemiologic data; fine particles; health disparity; health equity; housing instability; improved; innovation; insight; large datasets; meetings; member; premature; respiratory health; social health determinants; social structure; sociodemographics; traffic-related air pollution; trend; underserved community

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electrification of the transportation sector in the United States, crucial for climate change mitigation, is projected to have considerable co-benefits for public health through reductions in tailpipe-related emission. Numerous studies have estimated impacts on air quality and a few on health outcomes under various hypothetical scenarios—but no study to date has evaluated the broad real-world impacts of current rapidly increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption levels. Further, there a serious concern is that EV adoption is not equitably distributed across the population. We propose to study inequities in EV adoption and in the observed local air quality and respiratory health co-benefits of EV adoption, using a sequential qualitative  quantitative  qualitative mixed methods design which melds community-engaged research with traditional epidemiological data analyses of large statewide databases in CA. We will first conduct focus group discussions with community members of the Southeast Los Angeles region, in collaboration with our community partner, to better understand perceived barriers and possible opportunities for promoting adoption of EVs in underserved communities (Aim 1a). Data from these focus group discussions will be used to refine our preliminary conceptual framework for EV adoption and identify additional hypotheses for testing in subsequent quantitative aims. Next, key predictive factors of neighborhood-level EV adoption in CA will be characterized using real-world data on EV registration (Aim 1b). Then, we will evaluate the effect of observed local EV adoption on measured tailpipe-related air pollutant concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and assess potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/contextual factors (Aim 2). Finally, we will examination associations of EV adoption with local ED visits and hospitalization for pediatric and adult asthma and COPD, again assessing for potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/ contextual factors (Aim 3). Sustained bidirectional community engagement is built in across the entire study period. In addition to focus group discussions, the community engagement plan includes annual community dialogues and Advisory Council meetings and a final community report back meeting. Our multi- pronged approach for community engagement is expected to enhance the relevance, validity, and impact of research findings. Study findings will provide policymakers with valuable real-world evidence on air quality and health co-benefits of the EV transition and empower communities with documented inequities in the transition, facilitating future research to mitigate these effects and reduce future environment and health disparities.

项目总结/摘要 美国交通部门的电气化对减缓气候变化至关重要， 预计通过减少与尾气排放有关的排放，将对公共卫生产生相当大的共同效益。 许多研究估计了各种气候变化对空气质量的影响， 但迄今为止还没有研究评估了当前快速增长的广泛的现实世界的影响。 提高电动汽车（EV）的采用水平。此外，还有一个严重的问题是，电动汽车的采用不是 在人口中公平分配。我们建议研究电动汽车采用和观察到的 当地的空气质量和呼吸健康的共同效益电动汽车的采用，使用顺序定性和定量 定性混合方法设计，将社区参与的研究与传统的 流行病学数据分析的大型全州数据库在CA。我们会先进行焦点小组讨论 与东南洛杉矶地区的社区成员进行讨论，并与我们的 社区合作伙伴，以更好地了解感知的障碍和促进采用的可能机会 电动汽车在服务不足的社区（目标1a）。这些焦点小组讨论的数据将用于完善 我们的初步概念框架，为电动汽车的采用，并确定额外的假设测试， 随后的量化目标。接下来，CA社区级电动汽车采用的关键预测因素将是 使用EV配准的真实世界数据进行表征（目标1b）。然后，我们将评估观察到的效果 当地电动汽车的采用对测量的尾气相关空气污染物浓度（细颗粒物[PM2.5]和 二氧化氮[NO2]）并评估邻近/背景因素的潜在影响措施修改 (Aim 2）。最后，我们将检查EV采用与当地艾德就诊和住院治疗的关系， 儿童和成人哮喘和COPD，再次评估潜在影响措施修改， 邻里/背景因素（目标3）。持续的双向社区参与是建立在整个 整个研究期间。除了焦点小组讨论外，社区参与计划还包括年度 社区对话和咨询理事会会议以及最终的社区报告反馈会议。我们的多- 社区参与的多管齐下的方法预计将提高相关性，有效性和影响力， 研究结果。研究结果将为政策制定者提供有关空气质量的宝贵现实证据， 电动汽车转型的健康共同利益，并赋予转型中存在记录在案的不公平现象的社区权力， 促进未来的研究，以减轻这些影响，减少未来的环境和健康差距。