Electric Vehicle Adoption in California: Predictors, Impacts on Local Air Quality and Respiratory Health, and Inequities

项目摘要/摘要 美国交通部门的电气化对缓解气候变化至关重要，它是 预计将通过减少与尾气有关的排放而对公众健康产生相当大的共同好处。 许多研究已经估计了在不同的环境下对空气质量的影响和少数对健康结果的影响 假设的情景--但到目前为止，还没有研究快速评估当前的广泛的现实世界影响 提高电动汽车(EV)的采用水平。此外，还有一个严重的问题是，电动汽车的采用并不是 公平地分布在人口中。我们建议研究电动汽车采用和观察到的不平等 采用序贯定性定量方法研究电动车使用对当地空气质量和呼吸健康的影响 将社区参与研究与传统研究相结合的定性混合方法设计 加州全州大型数据库的流行病学数据分析。我们将首先进行焦点小组讨论 与洛杉矶东南部地区的社区成员讨论，与我们的 社区合作伙伴，以更好地了解感知的障碍和可能的机会，以促进采用 在服务不足的社区推广电动汽车(目标1a)。来自这些焦点小组讨论的数据将用于改进 我们采用电动汽车的初步概念框架，并确定用于测试的其他假设 随后的量化目标。接下来，CA采用邻居级电动汽车的关键预测因素将是 使用关于电动汽车注册的真实世界数据(目标1b)进行描述。然后，我们将评估观察到的效果 本地电动汽车采用与尾气排放相关的空气污染物浓度(细颗粒物[PM2.5]和 二氧化氮[NO2])和评估潜在影响措施通过邻里/背景因素进行修改 (目标2)。最后，我们将研究电动汽车的采用与当地急诊科就诊和住院治疗的关系 儿童和成人哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病，再次评估潜在影响措施修改通过 邻里/背景因素(目标3)。持续的双向社区参与是跨 整个研究期间。除了焦点小组讨论外，社区参与计划还包括年度 社区对话和咨询委员会会议，以及最后的社区汇报会议。我们的多- 社区参与的综合方法预计将增强以下方面的相关性、有效性和影响力 研究成果。研究结果将为政策制定者提供关于空气质量和 电动汽车过渡的健康共同惠益，并增强过渡中有记录的不平等现象的社区的能力， 促进未来的研究，以减轻这些影响，减少未来的环境和健康差距。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Electrification of the transportation sector in the United States, crucial for climate change mitigation, is projected to have considerable co-benefits for public health through reductions in tailpipe-related emission. Numerous studies have estimated impacts on air quality and a few on health outcomes under various hypothetical scenarios—but no study to date has evaluated the broad real-world impacts of current rapidly increasing electric vehicle (EV) adoption levels. Further, there a serious concern is that EV adoption is not equitably distributed across the population. We propose to study inequities in EV adoption and in the observed local air quality and respiratory health co-benefits of EV adoption, using a sequential qualitative  quantitative  qualitative mixed methods design which melds community-engaged research with traditional epidemiological data analyses of large statewide databases in CA. We will first conduct focus group discussions with community members of the Southeast Los Angeles region, in collaboration with our community partner, to better understand perceived barriers and possible opportunities for promoting adoption of EVs in underserved communities (Aim 1a). Data from these focus group discussions will be used to refine our preliminary conceptual framework for EV adoption and identify additional hypotheses for testing in subsequent quantitative aims. Next, key predictive factors of neighborhood-level EV adoption in CA will be characterized using real-world data on EV registration (Aim 1b). Then, we will evaluate the effect of observed local EV adoption on measured tailpipe-related air pollutant concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]) and assess potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/contextual factors (Aim 2). Finally, we will examination associations of EV adoption with local ED visits and hospitalization for pediatric and adult asthma and COPD, again assessing for potential effect measure modification by neighborhood/ contextual factors (Aim 3). Sustained bidirectional community engagement is built in across the entire study period. In addition to focus group discussions, the community engagement plan includes annual community dialogues and Advisory Council meetings and a final community report back meeting. Our multi- pronged approach for community engagement is expected to enhance the relevance, validity, and impact of research findings. Study findings will provide policymakers with valuable real-world evidence on air quality and health co-benefits of the EV transition and empower communities with documented inequities in the transition, facilitating future research to mitigate these effects and reduce future environment and health disparities.