Perceived Ethnic Discrimination and Cognitive Function in Mexican-origin Adults

项目摘要 西班牙裔/拉丁裔（以下简称拉丁裔）成年人目前患阿尔茨海默病的风险高出50%， 与非拉丁裔白色成人相比，拉丁裔人口经历了更大的社会， 环境和经济上的不利条件，加剧了心理社会压力， 认知健康状况不佳。种族歧视是一种心理压力源， 个人因其种族而遭受恶劣或不公平待遇的经历，可能是一个重大风险， 降低认知健康的因素。美国的拉丁裔在多种方面都是多样化的， 拉丁裔人口研究。墨西哥裔成年人占美国拉丁裔人口的62%。因此， 评估墨西哥裔成年人的风险和保护因素将阐明认知健康的机制 美国拉丁裔人口中最大的一部分。中年是一个关键的时间来评估前体的 不同的认知健康结果在晚年，并确定预测认知健康在这一点上， 发展阶段可以为早期预防和干预工作提供信息。这项研究将揭示 如何感知种族歧视与墨西哥裔中年人的认知功能相关， 实施一天之内的生态瞬时评估，衡量歧视的议定书， 一整天的认知功能。这项R21研究将在理解风险增加方面开辟新天地 通过检查与歧视相关的认知功能， 在日常生活中发生，通过纳入语言和文化上适当的日常门诊评估， 使用移动的设备的体验和认知。拟议的议定书将具有包容性，可在 使用的调查和评估语言，并将适应基线数据收集设置， 包容性和减少选择偏见。研究人员将收集100名 年龄在45至65岁之间的墨西哥裔成年人居住在德克萨斯州中部，以测试研究的目的。 目标1将评估日常歧视经历与认知能力表现之间的联系。 注意力和记忆力的任务。这一目标还将检验所观察到的联系是否因年龄而异。目标2将测试 心理机制（例如，增加负面影响）从歧视的经历到认知 功能目标3将调查心理社会来源的弹性之间的关联的经验， 歧视和认知功能在墨西哥裔成年人通过测试个人的调节作用 心理上的差异（例如，生活中的目的）和社会（例如，家庭主义）资源。这项研究将增加 了解墨西哥裔成年人认知健康下降的风险和保护因素-a 国家老龄化研究所的健康差异研究框架中的优先子人群， 未来的预防和干预工作，旨在促进拉丁美洲成年人健康的认知老化。

PROJECT SUMMARY Hispanic/Latinx (henceforth, Latinx) adults currently have a 50% greater risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) compared to non-Latinx White adults. Latinx populations experience greater social, environmental, and economic disadvantage that heightens psychosocial stress, increasing vulnerability for poor cognitive health outcomes. Perceived ethnic discrimination is a psychosocial stressor that reflects individual experiences of being treated badly or unfairly because of their ethnicity, and may be a critical risk factor for reduced cognitive health. Latinxs in the U.S. are diverse in multiple ways warranting a within population study of Latinxs. Mexican-origin adults constitute 62% of the Latinx population in the U.S. Thus, evaluating risk and protective factors in Mexican-origin adults will elucidate mechanisms of cognitive health inequities in the largest portion of the Latinx U.S. population. Midlife is a critical time to evaluate precursors of disparate cognitive health outcomes in late life and identifying predictors of cognitive health in this developmental stage can inform early prevention and intervention efforts. The proposed research will uncover how perceived ethnic discrimination is associated with cognitive function in Mexican-origin adults in midlife by implementing a within day, ecological momentary assessment, protocol to measure discrimination and cognitive functioning throughout the day. This R21 study will break new ground in understanding increased risk of ADRD within the Latinx population by examining cognitive functioning associated with discrimination when it occurs in daily life, by incorporating linguistically and culturally appropriate ambulatory assessments of daily experiences and cognition using mobile devices. The proposed protocol will be inclusive and accessible on the language of surveys and assessments used, and will accommodate baseline data collection settings to garner inclusivity and reduce selection bias in this area of research. Study investigators will collect data from 100 Mexican-origin adults between the ages of 45 to 65 who live in Central Texas, to test the aims of the study. Aim 1 will evaluate daily associations between experiences of discrimination and performance on cognitive tasks of attention and memory. This aim will also test if the observed links vary across age. Aim 2 will test psychological mechanisms (e.g., increased negative affect) from experiences of discrimination to cognitive functioning. Aim 3 will investigate psychosocial sources of resilience in the association between experiences of discrimination and cognitive function in Mexican-origin adults by testing the moderating role of individual differences in psychological (e.g., purpose in life) and social (e.g., familism) resources. This study will increase understanding of risk and protective factors for reduced cognitive health among Mexican-origin adults—a priority sub-population in the National Institute on Aging’s Health Disparities Research Framework—to inform future prevention and intervention efforts aimed at promoting healthy cognitive aging in Latinx adults.