Environmental determinants of human sleep timing, duration and continuity: studies in hunter gatherers

人类睡眠时间、持续时间和连续性的环境决定因素：对狩猎采集者的研究

基本信息

批准号：
10633163
负责人：
JEROME M SIEGEL
金额：
$ 69.02万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-09-15 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10633163
关键词：
Affect African Animals Behavior Belief Birth Body Temperature Brain Cities Civilization Climate Computers Consensus Darkness Data Development Devices Disease Economic Development Electricity Electroencephalography Environment Ethnic Origin Exhibits Frequencies Genetic Goals Health Health Benefit Heating Hour Human Human Pathology Indian reservation Industrialization Internet Laboratory Study Language Left Light Lighting Link Mattresses Measurement Minor Modernization Monitor Napping Pathology Pattern Peripheral Persons Phase Physiological Population Primates Process REM Sleep Regulation Reporting Risk Role Sampling Seasons Sleep Sleep Starts Sleeplessness Slow-Wave Sleep Societies Temperature Testing Time Vasodilation Weather alertness circadian cold temperature day length falls insight light effects non rapid eye movement prevent response sleep onset sleep pattern sound vasoconstriction vigilance virtual

项目摘要

Abstract Many health disorders have been attributed to the changes brought about by “modern” civilization. Understanding how the changes in the modern environment are affecting health requires comparison with humans living in the pre-modern environment. The number of groups living in the traditional way is rapidly diminishing. Electrification and the economic development of Native American reservations eliminated such groups in the US decades ago. A similar process is ongoing in other regions of the world. Only a few groups of hunter-gatherers remain. We began a study of sleep in non-industrial humans to test the widespread belief that “modern” humans sleep much less than the evolved “natural” amount. We found that, surprisingly, at the time points that we sampled, sleep durations in all three groups we studied were lower than those seen in most studies of industrial societies. Furthermore, we found a nearly 1 hour difference between summer and winter sleep durations in the two groups we sampled for 1 week periods in both seasons, settling the longstanding controversy over whether human sleep durations respond to seasonal changes. The prior consensus was that there was no difference or only a minor change in duration. We also found that, unlike other primates, humans in the natural environment do not typically start sleep at sunset nor do they awaken at sunrise. Rather, sleep onset is several hours after sunset and awakening is 30-60 minutes before sunrise. At the time points examined, our preliminary studies suggest that hunter-gatherers do not show peripheral vasodilation at sleep onset. But, they peripherally vasoconstrict upon awakening. In contrast, laboratory studies show that “modern” humans have the opposite pattern, peripherally vasodilating at sleep onset but not peripherally vasoconstricting upon awakening. Most strikingly, hunter-gatherers do not report or exhibit substantial levels of insomnia, with rates under 2%, in comparison to the 10-15% rates reported in all industrial societies. Our data suggest that environmental temperature and the thermoregulatory responses to the daily temperature cycle may be as important, or more important, than light level in the physiological regulation, function and pathology of human sleep. Nearly all studies of the timing of human and animal sleep have been conducted at constant, thermoneutral temperatures and have focused on the role of electric light. We propose to record sleep and core, peripheral and ambient temperature as well as ambient light levels under natural, evolutionarily relevant conditions by monitoring subjects continuously across an entire year. Our integrated approach will allow us to compare the effect of light and temperature on sleep time, EEG defined sleep states and alertness. These will be the first such studies under natural conditions and will provide insights into the temperature and light parameters differentially linked to REM vs nonREM sleep, EEG spectra, sleep duration, sleep continuity and daytime alertness in humans. This data may explain the virtual absence of insomnia in hunter-gatherers, its ubiquity in industrialized societies, and suggest treatments to reverse this disorder.

抽象的许多健康障碍归因于“现代”文明所带来的变化。了解现代环境中的变化如何影响健康需要与生活在前现代环境中的人。传统方式生活的群体数量迅速减少。电气化和美国原住民保留的经济发展消除了此类几十年前美国的团体。在世界其他地区也正在进行类似的过程。只有几组狩猎采集者仍然存在。我们开始研究非工业人类的睡眠，以测试宽度的信念 “现代”人类的睡眠远低于进化的“自然”数量。我们发现，当时，我们采样的点，我们研究的所有三个组中的睡眠持续时间都低于大多数人的睡眠时间工业学会研究。此外，我们发现夏季和冬季之间有近1小时的差异我们在两个季节中进行了1周的两组睡眠时间，设置了长期的关于人睡眠持续时间是否应对季节性变化的争议。先前的共识是持续时间没有差异或仅发生较小的变化。我们还发现，与其他主要人类不同在自然环境中，通常不会在日落时开始睡觉，也不会在日出时唤醒。相反，睡觉日落后几个小时发病，觉醒是日出前30-60分钟。在时间点经过检查，我们的初步研究表明，狩猎采集者在睡眠中没有显示外周血管舒张发作。但是，他们经常在觉醒后血管收缩。相反，实验室研究表明“现代” 人类具有相反的模式，在睡眠开始时外周血管膨胀，但不会外周血管收缩觉醒。最引人注目的是，狩猎采集者不会报告或暴露大量水平与所有工业社会报告的10-15％的率相比，失眠率低于2％。我们的数据表明环境温度和对每日温度周期的温度调节反应在物理调节，功能和病理学中，可能比光水平同样重要，或更重要几乎所有关于人类和动物睡眠时间的研究都以恒定的态度进行热温度，并集中在电灯的作用上。我们建议记录睡眠和核心，周围和环境温度以及自然，进化相关的环境光水平整整一年都不断监视受试者的条件。我们的综合方法将使我们能够比较光和温度对睡眠时间的影响，脑电图定义了睡眠状态和机敏性。这些会在自然条件下成为第一次这样的研究，并将提供有关温度和光的见解参数与REM与非REM睡眠，脑电图，睡眠持续时间，睡眠连续性和人类的白天机敏。这些数据可能解释了猎人 - 采集者中失眠的几乎没有工业化社会中的普遍性，并建议治疗以扭转这种疾病。