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Function of Fixational Instability During Natural Viewing

自然观看过程中注视不稳定性的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10669043
负责人：
MICHELE RUCCI
金额：
$ 54.07万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-01 至 2026-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10669043
关键词：
3-Dimensional Address Advocate Affect Area Automobile Driving Behavior Binocular Vision Cephalometry Characteristics Code Contrast Sensitivity Data Depth Perception Development Disease Disparity Eye Eye Abnormalities Eye Movements Foundations Frequencies Funding Goals Head Human Image Image Enhancement Impairment Investigation Knowledge Learning Light Location Mainstreaming Maps Measurement Modeling Motion Motor Movement Nature Neurons Optics Outcome Pattern Perception Play Process Prosthesis Rehabilitation therapy Reporting Research Resolution Retina Role Saccades Shapes Signal Transduction Stimulus Stream Testing Time United States National Institutes of Health Vision Vision Disparity Visual Visual Acuity Visual System Visual impairment Work experimental study flexibility gaze information processing instrumentation luminance monocular multimodality neglect neural novel novel therapeutic intervention oculomotor receptor retinal imaging retinal stimulation sample fixation spatiotemporal theories vision science visual motor visual tracking

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Humans are not aware that their eyes are always in motion. Even when attending to a single point, ﬁxational eye movements (FEM) continually shift the stimulus on the retina in ways that would be immediately visible had the motion originated from objects in the scene rather than oculomotor activity. It is now clear that FEM are vital for visual sensitivity, ﬁne pattern vision, and acuity. Furthermore, a considerable body of evidence, in part from our NIH-funded research, indicates that this behavior embodies a sensorimotor strategy by which the visual system processes spatial information in the temporal domain. While much has been learned about the monoc- ular functions of FEM, little is known about their consequences for binocular vision. Ocular drifts—the incessant inter-saccadic movements—differ considerably in the two eyes. How does the visual system combine continually changing inputs from independently jittering eyes? Here we focus on FEM consequences for 3D spatial repre- sentations, speciﬁcally their role in stereopsis (Aim 1), their decoding mechanisms (Aim 2), and their binocular control (Aim 3). The research strategy consists of assessing FEM effects on the binocular visual input and ex- amining the resulting implications for neural coding, perception, and control. Our driving hypothesis is that the active space-time encoding strategy that emerged in the monocular processing of luminance also applies to pro- cessing binocularly-derived features at later stages of the visual stream. Since this theory yields counter-intuitive hypotheses, each aim builds on a supporting preparatory study that sets the stage for the proposed experiments. Aim 1 builds on the surprising observation that stereopsis is impaired when ﬁxational disparity modulations are selectively eliminated from the visual ﬂow, even in the presence of otherwise normal luminance modulations on the retina. We will explore the causes for this impairment and elucidate FEM contributions. Aim 2 focuses on the mechanisms by which the ﬁxational visual ﬂow is interpreted. Contrary to traditional assumptions, our prelimi- nary evidence indicates that the visual system has access to extraretinal knowledge of ocular drift and uses it to infer spatial relations at high spatiotemporal resolution. Aim 3 examines these ideas in the context of oculomotor control. We provide the ﬁrst comprehensive high-resolution measurements of head-free binocular FEM in natural real-world tasks and test the hypothesis that eye drifts are actively controlled to encode task-relevant features (e.g., disparity, spatial contrast, etc.). The experiments rely on the combination of (a) binocular measurements of human eye movements with unprecedented accuracy; and (b) highly ﬂexible, binocularly synchronized, gaze- contingent control of retinal stimulation, an approach made possible by our recent instrumentation developments. All experiments are theoretically grounded and all hypotheses supported by new preliminary data. They are, to our knowledge, entirely novel, and conﬁrmation of any of them will have broad implications for understanding the functional principles of the visual system, the computational mechanisms of perception, possible oculomotor contributions to neuro-ophthalmologic disorders, and the development of rehabilitative strategies and prostheses.

项目摘要人类不知道他们的眼睛总是在运动。即使只专注于一点，眼球运动（FEM）不断地以立即可见的方式移动视网膜上的刺激，运动源自场景中的物体而不是眼动。现在很清楚，FEM是对视觉灵敏度、精细图案视觉和敏锐度至关重要。此外，大量证据表明，从我们NIH资助的研究中，表明这种行为体现了一种感觉运动策略，通过这种策略，系统在时间域中处理空间信息。虽然我们已经了解了很多关于monoc的信息， FEM的视觉功能，很少有人知道他们的后果双眼视觉。眼漂移-不断在两个眼睛中，扫视间运动显著不同。视觉系统是如何连续联合收割机改变来自独立抖动眼睛的输入？在这里，我们专注于三维空间表示的FEM后果， sentations，特别是它们在立体视觉中的作用（Aim 1），它们的解码机制（Aim 2），以及它们的双眼对照（目标3）。研究策略包括评估FEM对双眼视觉输入的影响，从而对神经编码、感知和控制产生影响。我们的驱动假设是在亮度的单目处理中出现的主动空时编码策略也适用于pro-time。在视觉流的稍后阶段处理双眼导出的特征。因为这个理论产生了反直觉的假设，每一个目标都建立在一个支持性的预备研究的基础上，为拟议的实验奠定了基础。目标1建立在令人惊讶的观察基础上，即当固定视差调制被破坏时，立体视觉就会受损。选择性地从视觉流中消除，即使在存在其他正常亮度调制的情况下，视网膜我们将探讨这种损害的原因，并阐明FEM的贡献。目标2侧重于解释固定视觉流程的机制。与传统的假设相反，我们的预测- 没有证据表明视觉系统可以获得眼漂移的视网膜外知识，并利用它来以高时空分辨率推断空间关系。目标3在眼科学的背景下考察了这些想法控制我们提供了第一个全面的高分辨率测量头自由双目FEM在自然真实世界的任务和测试的假设，眼漂移是积极控制编码任务相关的功能 (e.g.,视差、空间对比度等）。这些实验依赖于以下几个方面的结合：（a）双目测量以前所未有的精确度测量人眼运动;以及（B）高度灵活的、双眼同步的、凝视- 视网膜刺激的偶然控制，我们最近的仪器发展使这种方法成为可能。所有的实验都有理论依据，所有的假设都得到了新的初步数据的支持。你的信任并我们的知识，完全是新的，对其中任何一个的确认都将对理解产生广泛的影响。视觉系统的功能原理、感知的计算机制、可能的眼球运动对神经眼科疾病的贡献，以及康复策略和假体的发展。