The impact of mentor characteristics on mitigating substance use outcomes among children of incarcerated caregivers

导师特征对减轻被监禁看护者儿童药物使用结果的影响

• 批准号: 10667969
• 负责人: Kathryn N Stump
• 金额: $ 8.7万
• 依托单位: INNOVATION RESEARCH AND TRAINING, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-30 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10667969
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adult; Affective; Age; Alcohols; Attitude; Awareness; Behavioral; Black race; Caregivers; Caring; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Cognition; Custodial Care; Data; Data Set; Development; Drug Prescriptions; Effectiveness; Empathy; Evaluation; Exposure to; Face; Family; Future; Goals; Growth; High Prevalence; Hispanic; Imprisonment; Intervention; Latinx; Length; Literature; Logistic Regressions; Marijuana; Measurement; Mentors; Mission; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Outcome; Parents; Personality Assessment; Personality Character; Personality Traits; Persons; Philadelphia; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Populations at Risk; Predictive Factor; Prevention approach; Prevention program; Randomized, Controlled Trials; Recording of previous events; Regression Analysis; Reporting; Research; Risk; Role; Sampling; Screening procedure; Self Efficacy; Series; Social Functioning; Stigmatization; Stress; Surveys; Survival Analysis; Symptoms; Training; Trust; Victimization; Vulnerable Populations; Work; Youth; archived data; early adolescence; efficacy evaluation; experience; follow-up; girls; improved; knowledge base; parent project; positive youth development; premature; programs; reduced substance use; skills; substance misuse; substance use; success; therapy development; volunteer

Abstract Mentoring programs are a common positive youth development intervention that serve children of incarcerated parents (COIP). COIP are a particularly vulnerable population because they are exposed to a multitude of challenges, including family instability, stigmatization, and stress. A growing literature highlights the negative outcomes associated with being a COIP, including substance use in late childhood and early adolescence. Non-parental adult mentors can provide vital support to COIP. Limited research, however, has been conducted to explore characteristics of mentors that may make them more effective in mitigating negative outcomes and promoting positive outcomes in youth. With this R03, we aim to fill the gap in the available research by identifying characteristics of effective mentors working with vulnerable youth. We will leverage an existing, recently collected dataset of over 1,300 COIP, their mentors, and their parents or custodial caregivers from 20 mentoring programs across 15 states. The dataset represents a diverse population of vulnerable youth (mean age=11.2 years; SD=2.13 years) and includes background information about the caregiver’s incarceration. 50% of the sample were girls and approximately 53% were Black and 36% were White; 22% were Hispanic/Latinx. 24% had multiple caregivers who had been incarcerated. 46% had a caregiver who was currently incarcerated and the remaining 54% had a caregiver who had been previously incarcerated during the youth’s lifetime. The majority of the youth knew about their caregiver’s incarceration (85.55%) and 17% of the mentee sample had witnessed the arrest of their incarcerated caregiver. Before being matched with a COIP mentee, mentors completed a baseline assessment in which they reported whether or not they worked in a helping profession, whether they had any experience with incarceration or parental incarceration, their attitudes toward youth, empathy, volunteer role identity, and personality characteristics. We hypothesize that mentor characteristics will be associated with more positive youth outcomes (e.g., lower substance use, externalizing, internalizing problems) and match outcomes (e.g., length and quality of the mentoring relationship) for COIP. Several included mentor characteristics represented having a positive orientation towards working with youth such as being from a helping profession and having personal experience with incarceration (i.e., being a “credible messenger”). They involve high levels of empathy, as they entail working with others who might be vulnerable or greater awareness of issues related to caregiver incarceration. Analyses will be conducted using a series of multilevel moderated growth curves, multilevel logistic regressions, and survival analyses. The findings from this R03 will add to our knowledge base about the mentor characteristics that can improve the impact of this popular intervention for COIP. The ultimate goal of this work will be to help guide programs to identify mentors who may need additional training or support before beginning their mentoring matches.

摘要 辅导计划是一种常见的积极的青少年发展干预措施，服务于 监禁父母(COIP)。COIP是一个特别脆弱的人群，因为他们暴露在 许多挑战，包括家庭不稳定、耻辱和压力。不断增长的文学亮点 与COIP相关的负面后果，包括儿童后期和早期的药物使用 青春期。非父母的成人导师可以为COIP提供至关重要的支持。然而，有限的研究已经 对导师的特征进行了探索，这些特征可能使他们在缓解负面影响方面更有效 在青年中取得成果和促进积极成果。凭借这款R03，我们的目标是填补可用的 通过确定与弱势青年一起工作的有效导师的特点进行研究。我们将利用 现有的、最近收集的超过1,300名COIP、他们的导师以及他们的父母或托管照顾者的数据集 来自15个州的20个辅导项目。该数据集代表了弱势青年的不同群体 (平均年龄=11.2岁；SD=2.13岁)，包括照顾者的背景信息 监禁。样本中50%是女孩，大约53%是黑人，36%是白人；22%是 西班牙裔/拉丁裔。24%的人有多名曾被监禁的照顾者。46%的人有一位照顾者 目前被监禁，其余54%的人有一名照顾者，他之前曾在 青春的一生。大多数青少年(85.55%)知道照顾者被监禁的事情，17%的青少年知道他们的照顾者被监禁 学生样本目睹了他们被监禁的照顾者的被捕。在与COIP匹配之前 导师完成了一项基线评估，在评估中他们报告了他们是否在 帮助职业，无论他们是否有任何监禁或父母监禁的经验，他们的 对青年的态度、同理心、志愿者角色认同、人格特征。我们假设 导师的特征将与更积极的青年结果相关(例如，较少使用药物， 外部化、内部化问题)和匹配结果(例如，指导的时间和质量 关系)用于COIP。几个包含的导师特征代表具有积极的取向 与年轻人一起工作，例如来自助人职业并有亲身经历的年轻人 监禁(即成为“可信的信使”)。它们涉及到高度的同理心，因为它们需要工作 与其他可能脆弱的人或更了解与照顾者监禁相关的问题的人。分析 将使用一系列多级别缓和增长曲线、多级别Logistic回归和 生存分析。此R03的调查结果将增加我们关于导师特征的知识库 这可以改善这种受欢迎的干预对COIP的影响。这项工作的最终目标将是帮助 指导计划，以确定在开始培训之前可能需要额外培训或支持的导师 指导比赛。