Mitigation of ventilation-based resuspension and spread of airborne viruses in nosocomial and healthcare settings

减轻医院和医疗机构中基于通气的空气传播病毒的再悬浮和传播

• 批准号: 10668064
• 负责人: Maria Dobozi King
• 金额: $ 18.09万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M AGRILIFE RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-26 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10668064
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; 3-Dimensional; Address; Aerosols; Affect; Air; Air Movements; Animals; Area; Cattle; Cell Culture Techniques; Characteristics; China; Circulation; Collection; Communicable Diseases; Computer Models; Coronavirus; Data; Deposition; Development; Disease; Effectiveness; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Impact; Environmental Risk Factor; Experimental Models; Exposure to; Goals; Guidelines; Health care facility; Hospitals; Hour; Human; Humidity; Incidence; Intake; Interferometry; Knowledge; Liquid substance; Location; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Molecular Computations; Monitor; Organism; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Persons; Play; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Process; Property; Research; Role; Route; Sampling; Scientist; Source; Stream; Surface; Suspensions; System; Temperature; Testing; Viral; Virion; Virus; Visualization; aerosolized; air sampling; betacoronavirus; built environment; design; disease transmission; exhaust; field study; health care settings; human coronavirus; improved; innovation; microorganism; molecular dynamics; novel; pandemic disease; particle; pathogen; programs; simulation; transmission process; ventilation; viral transmission

Project Summary/Abstract Viral transmission from an infected person or an animal to a new host can occur by direct or indirect routes. During indirect transmission, contaminated surfaces can play an important role. Although there are a number of methods for disease transmission in healthcare facilities, aerial transmission is often considered an important route for many organisms. The aerial path followed by pathogens from the source to recipients or surfaces and their viability upon impaction is affected by many factors, including room air exchange rates and air properties that may further challenge aerosolized bioparticles, including viruses. As ventilation systems are practically ubiquitous in the build environment, the effect of air properties on the infectivity and transport of aerosolized viruses is an important topic for study to reduce the spread of infectious viral particles. The proposed project is the first known comprehensive study on the impact of environmental conditions including temperature, humidity, and air velocity on the droplet size, spread, and deposition/resuspension of airborne viruses. The optimization of environmental conditions that lead to improved ventilation designs or mitigation strategies could significantly reduce the entrainment and spread of viable infectious viruses in the built environment. The PIs' have previously shown that a combined modeling and sampling approach is successful to mitigate transport of airborne infectious microorganisms in a ventilated facility The goal of this proposal is to understand the effect of environmental conditions on the transmission, deposition and resuspension of aerosolized virus particles and provide realistic measures to reduce their spread in the ventilation airflow in nosocomial and healthcare settings. The proposed goal will be achieved by combining betacoronavirus aerosol collection with biolayer interferometry, molecular dynamics and computational airflow modeling in model experiments and field testing. The research plan is based on three fundamental questions about 1) the effect of environmental conditions and surface characteristics on the size distribution, deposition, and resuspension of virus aerosols using biolayer interferometry, molecular dynamics modeling and computational flow simulation to visualize the airflow patterns in a 3 scale model hospital room. Elucidating the relationship between viable virus deposition and resuspension is the key for developing means to reduce transmission of viruses through airborne exposure; 2) using bioaerosol collectors to determine the rate and distance aerosolized viruses can spread in different environmental conditions analyzed by cell culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); and 3) how mitigation efforts based on optimized ventilation can be applied to hospital settings. This innovative project will help develop and implement interdisciplinary ventilation design guidelines to educate scientists and engineers about bioaerosol transport and environmental effects on the spread of viruses in an effort to improve understanding of infectious disease considerations in design, management, and monitoring of healthcare facilities and other built environment.

项目摘要/摘要 从感染者或动物到新宿主的病毒传播可通过直接或间接途径发生。 在间接传播期间，受污染的表面可以发挥重要作用。尽管有一些 对于医疗机构中的疾病传播方法，空中传播通常被认为是一种重要的 这是许多生物体的路线。病原体从源头到接受者或表面所遵循的空中路径 它们在撞击后的生存能力受到许多因素的影响，包括房间空气交换率和空气属性 这可能会进一步挑战雾化生物粒子，包括病毒。因为通风系统实际上是 无处不在的建筑环境中，空气性质对气雾剂的感染性和传输的影响 病毒是减少传染性病毒颗粒传播的重要研究课题。 拟议中的项目是已知的第一个关于环境条件影响的综合研究 包括温度、湿度和空气速度对液滴大小、扩散和 空气传播病毒的沉积/再悬浮。优化环境条件，从而实现 改进的通风设计或缓解策略可以显著减少携带和传播 建筑环境中可存活的传染性病毒。PI之前已经表明，组合建模和 采样方法成功地减少了通风设施中空气传播的传染病微生物 这项建议的目标是了解环境条件对传输、沉积 和气雾化病毒颗粒的再悬浮，并提供切实可行的措施，以减少它们在 医院和保健环境中的通风气流。拟议的目标将通过结合 用生物层干涉法、分子动力学和计算气流收集BetacoronaVirus气溶胶 模型试验和现场试验中的建模。研究计划基于三个基本问题 关于1)环境条件和表面特征对粒度分布、沉积、 和病毒气溶胶的再悬浮，使用生物层干涉测量，分子动力学模拟和 计算流动模拟以可视化3比例模型医院房间内的气流模式。澄清 活病毒沉积与再悬浮的关系是发展减贫手段的关键 通过空气接触传播病毒；2)使用生物气溶胶收集器来确定病毒的传播速度和 通过细胞培养和分析，远程气雾化病毒可以在不同的环境条件下传播 定量聚合酶链式反应(QPCR)；以及3)基于优化通风的缓解措施如何 适用于医院环境。这一创新项目将有助于开发和实施跨学科 通风设计指南，对科学家和工程师进行生物气溶胶传输和环境方面的教育 对病毒传播的影响，以努力提高对传染病考虑的了解 医疗设施和其他建成环境的设计、管理和监测。