Comparative Analysis of Bunyavirus Neuropathogenesis

项目摘要/摘要 布尼亚病毒是一大群由媒介传播的病毒，具有引起神经系统疾病的能力。 发病率和死亡率。我们对布尼亚病毒的基本科学认识的一个主要限制 神经发病机制源于这样一个事实，即大脑中的关键靶细胞没有完全定义，因此 感染对靶细胞的影响尚不清楚，导致神经系统疾病的病毒决定因素也尚不清楚 已经被描绘出来了。对布尼亚病毒如何与中枢神经系统(CNS)相互作用有更广泛的了解， 包括宿主-病毒相互作用的分子机制，是未来减轻霍乱影响的基础 幸存者的疾病和长期后遗症。在这里，我们提出了基本的比较分析 3种新出现的重要布尼亚病毒的神经发病机制：裂谷热(RVFV)、奥罗波什(奥罗夫)和 拉克罗斯(LACV)。感染这些病毒中的每一种都有可能导致严重的神经系统疾病。 在人类身上。然而，我们对布尼亚病毒神经发病机制的理解仍然存在很大差距，包括 导致疾病的分子机制。一个限制是之前发表的研究缺乏严谨性 这些病毒的研究由于使用了不同的体外细胞系统和 不同的小鼠模型，包括年龄和感染途径的差异。我们将通过直接解决这一差距 RVFV、OROV和LACV诱导的中枢神经系统细胞趋向性、先天反应和细胞死亡途径的比较 使用新的体外和体外模型系统。考虑到各种本雅型病毒可能导致 人类病例子集中的神经后遗症，以及在神经学小鼠模型中这三种疾病都是致命的事实， 我们假设不同的布尼亚病毒在中枢神经系统有共同的靶细胞，神经元感染是 由新发现的RVFV宿主进入因子LRP1介导。布尼亚病毒病毒学的一个关键特征是 小基因组片段(NSS)产生的病毒非结构蛋白的表达。NSS是主要的 宿主细胞抗病毒反应的拮抗剂。每种病毒表达不同的NSS蛋白，因此我们进一步 假设每种病毒的神经毒力程度与RVFV的NSS蛋白功能直接相关 NSS是最有效的先天反应抑制因子。我们高度协作和协同的团队由 埃米·哈特曼博士(PI)，RVFV发病机制专家，Anita McElroy博士(Co-I)，分子病毒学家 Gaya Amarasinghe(Co-I)博士是一位在新出现的病毒疾病方面拥有专业知识的免疫学家，他是 在宿主-病原体相互作用方面的专业知识。另外两位联合调查员是伦纳德·达奥托博士和扎卡里·威尔斯博士， 他们分别是人类神经元病毒感染和啮齿动物神经生物学方面的专家。本R01建议书 代表了一种多学科的方法来促进我们对布尼亚病毒与大脑相互作用的理解。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Bunyaviruses are a large, diverse group of vector-borne viruses with the capacity to cause neurological disease with morbidity and mortality. A major limitation in our basic scientific understanding of bunyavirus neuropathogenesis stems from the fact that key target cells in the brain are not fully defined, therefore the effect of infection on target cells is unknown, and viral determinants that contribute to neurological disease have not been delineated. A broader, understanding of how bunyaviruses interact with the central nervous system (CNS), including molecular mechanisms of host-viral interactions, is fundamental for future goal of mitigating effects of disease and long-term sequelae in survivors. Here, we propose a comparative analysis of the basic neuropathogenesis of 3 important emerging bunyaviruses: Rift Valley fever (RVFV), Oropouche (OROV), and La Crosse (LACV). Infection by each of these viruses have the potential to cause significant neurological disease in humans. However, substantial gaps remain in our understanding of bunyavirus neuropathogenesis, including molecular mechanisms that contribute to disease. A limitation is the lack of rigor of prior research is that published studies on these viruses as they are difficult to directly compare due to use of different in vitro cell systems and disparate mouse models, including variations in age and infection route. We will address this gap by directly comparing CNS cell tropism, innate responses, and cell death pathways induced by RVFV, OROV, and LACV using novel in vitro and ex vivo model systems. Given the potential for diverse bunyaviruses to cause neurological sequelae in a subset of human cases, and the fact that all 3 are lethal in neurological mouse models, we hypothesize that diverse bunyaviruses have common target cells in the CNS and that neuronal infection is mediated by Lrp1, a newly identified host entry factor for RVFV. A key feature of bunyaviral virology is the expression of the viral non-structural protein produced from the small genome segment (NSs). NSs is the main antagonist of host cell antiviral responses. Each virus expresses a different NSs protein, and thus we further hypothesize that the degree of neurovirulence of each virus is directly related to NSs protein function, with RVFV NSs being the most potent inhibitor of innate responses. Our highly collaborative and synergistic team is led by Dr. Amy Hartman (PI), an expert in the pathogenesis of RVFV, Dr. Anita McElroy (Co-I), a molecular virologist and immunologist with expertise in emerging viral diseases, Dr. Gaya Amarasinghe (Co-I), a biochemist with expertise in host-pathogen interactions. Two additional Co-I’s are Dr. Leonard D’Aiuto and Dr. Zachary Wills, who are experts in viral infection of human neurons and rodent neurobiology, respectively. This R01 proposal represents a multidisciplinary approach to advance our understanding of bunyavirus interactions with the brain.