Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Antisocial Behavior: Investigating the Role of Reward Processing

项目总结 该奖学金的目标是为申请者海蒂·韦斯特曼的独立研究生涯做好准备。 重点关注反社会行为的生物、心理和社会决定因素(AB)。建议的研究金包括： 1)一个研究项目，将进一步加深我们对社会经济劣势对大脑影响的理解 结构和功能以及AB；2)由正式培训、指导、手稿组成的培训计划 出版物和专业发展活动。申请者将得到强有力的指导。 与密歇根大学的主要赞助商以及哈佛大学、西北大学和 匹兹堡大学。导师团队将共同提供社会经济逆境方面的专业知识， 神经成像、应激、奖赏处理、纵向数据分析和AB的发展。培训 该计划将帮助申请者：a)在社会经济劣势、神经衰弱、 奖励处理，以及AB，b)发展强大的高级量化方法技能，以及c)传播 研究成果和与发展、临床和神经科学研究社区的网络。 AB，包括行为障碍的精神诊断，会给肇事者带来严重后果， 受害者和社会。社会经济劣势已被确定为AB参与的一个风险因素。 尽管与贫困相关的神经研究主要集中在情感和认知控制上，但最近的研究 表明社会经济劣势可能与奖赏相关的变化有关 皮质纹状体回路。此外，最近的神经成像研究发现了与奖励相关的神经关联 提供了一种潜在的机制，通过这种机制，社会经济劣势可能会塑造报酬 并增加AB相关疾病的风险。拟议的项目将检查：1)AB是否 与皮质纹状体系统中奖励预期和接收的反应性改变有关，以及 腹侧纹状体和眶前叶皮质灰质体积减少；2)是否具有社会经济学意义 劣势与腹侧纹状体奖赏相关活动改变和灰质减少有关 腹侧纹状体和眶前叶皮质的物质体积；3)对奖赏的反应或差异 在灰质中，体积提供了一种机制，通过这种机制，社会经济劣势增加了AB的风险。 所有目标将在青少年到成人神经发展研究中进行调查( 更大的脆弱家庭和儿童福祉研究)，一项大型纵向神经成像研究，主要是低- 目前正进入青壮年的收入个人(R01-MH121079；R01 MH103761)。 这项拟议的研究解决了长期存在的问题，即将逆境与 阿布。我们的发现将有助于揭示与奖赏相关的神经对AB发育的贡献，并为 调查对有有害后果风险的人进行预防和干预的基础工作。

PROJECT SUMMARY The goal of this fellowship is to prepare applicant, Heidi Westerman, for an independent research career focused on the biopsychosocial determinants of antisocial behavior (AB). The proposed fellowship consists of: 1) a research project that will further our understanding of the impact of socioeconomic disadvantage on brain structure and function and AB, and 2) a training plan comprised of formal training, mentorship, manuscript publications, and professional development activities. The applicant will be supported by a strong mentorship team with primary sponsors at the University of Michigan and consultants at Harvard, Northwestern, and University of Pittsburgh. Together, the mentorship team will provide expertise in socioeconomic adversity, neuroimaging, stress, reward processing, longitudinal data analysis, and the development of AB. The training plan will help the applicant: a) develop expertise in associations between socioeconomic disadvantage, neural reward-processing, and AB, b) develop strong, advanced quantitative methodological skills, and c) disseminate research findings and network with the developmental, clinical, and neuroscientific research communities. AB, including the psychiatric diagnosis of Conduct Disorder, leads to severe consequences for perpetrators, victims, and society. Socioeconomic disadvantage has been identified as a risk factor for engagement in AB. Though neural research related to poverty has mostly focused on affective and cognitive control, recent studies suggest that socioeconomic disadvantage may be associated with alterations in the reward-related corticostriatal circuit. Moreover, recent neuroimaging research has uncovered reward-related neural correlates of AB, offering a potential mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage may shape reward processing and increase risk for AB-related disorders. The proposed project will examine: 1) whether AB is associated with altered reactivity to reward anticipation and receipt in the corticostriatal system, as well as decreased grey matter volume in the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex; 2) whether socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with altered reward-related activity in the ventral striatum and decreased grey matter volume in the ventral striatum and the orbitofrontal cortex; 3) whether reactivity to reward or differences in grey matter volume provide a mechanism through which socioeconomic disadvantage increases risk for AB. All aims will be investigated in the Study of Adolescent to Adult Neural Development (a sub-sample of the larger Fragile Families and Child-Wellbeing Study), a large longitudinal neuroimaging study of mostly low- income individuals who are currently entering young adulthood (R01-MH121079; R01 MH103761). The proposed research addresses long-standing questions of the neural mechanisms linking adversity with AB. Our findings will shed light on reward-related neural contributions to the development of AB and lay the groundwork for investigating prevention and intervention for those at risk for detrimental outcomes.