The Effect of Cytomegalovirus Infection on Daily Stress Processes in Early Adulthood

巨细胞病毒感染对成年早期日常应激过程的影响

• 批准号: 10678088
• 负责人: Elana Gloger
• 金额: $ 4.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-09 至 2025-04-08
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10678088
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Age; Aging; Behavior; Behavioral inhibition; Biological; Biological Markers; Blood; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Collection; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Data Collection; Development; Dryness; Elderly; Emotions; Ethics; Exposure to; Failure; Feedback; Feeling; Future; Health; Healthcare; Herpesviridae; Immune System Diseases; Immune system; Immunologic Factors; Immunological Models; Impaired cognition; Individual; Inflammatory; Informal Social Control; Intelligence; Investigation; Laboratories; Life; Link; Longevity; Methodology; Modeling; Neurologic; Neurologic Dysfunctions; Neurons; Neuropsychology; Outcome; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Physiological; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Prevention; Process; Psychoneuroimmunology; Questionnaires; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Risk; Sampling; Self-control as a personality trait; Seroprevalences; Specimen; Spottings; Stress; Stressful Event; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Visit; care burden; career; diaries; emerging adult; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; high risk; human old age (65+); immune activation; improved; mortality; negative affect; negative mood; prevent; psychologic; seropositive; stressor; undergraduate student; young adult

Stress is acutely beneficial for survival but can increase risk for chronic disease development across the lifespan. Understanding the biological mechanisms that increase vulnerability to experience more stressors, or react more negatively to them, can identify who is at risk for negative health outcomes associated with stress, and assist targeted prevention and mitigation efforts aimed at improving well-being, increasing years of healthy living, and decreasing healthcare burden through aging. A positive feedback loop, called the Immunologic Model of Self-Regulatory Failure (Shields et al., 2017), provides one potential framework for studying biological and physiological vulnerabilities to daily stress: increased physiological activation leads to neurological dysfunction, which leads to subsequent self-regulatory deficits and increased experiences of future stressors, and the cycle repeats. This model suggests that increased immune activation, dysregulation, or neurological changes may increase vulnerability to stress by way of self-regulatory deficits. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), an asymptomatic, latent herpesvirus is one such immunological factor that may increase vulnerability to stress and its effects. CMV is associated with faster immune system aging and heightened systemic inflammatory biomarkers in older age but may affect health, and increase vulnerability to stress, earlier in life. Importantly, neurological regions affected by CMV coordinate higher-order psychological abilities, such as planning, inhibiting, and regulating oneself, called self-regulation. In older adults, CMV seropositivity is associated with declines in self-regulation, assessed via self-report, but this has yet to be tested in younger adults (Segerstrom et al., 2022). Further, individuals with poor self-regulation may experience more stressors (e.g., relationship problems, debt, etc.) and be more reactive to them (e.g., report a more intense, negative mood following a stressor) compared to someone with better self-regulation. Though studies on self-regulation and stress, the effects of CMV at older ages, and preliminary investigations on CMV and stress have been conducted, little is known about biological mechanisms linking CMV, self-regulation, and daily stress in younger populations who may still be able to modify or prevent CMV-related interference on daily life and future health. The proposed project aims to fill these gaps by evaluating the relationships between CMV infection, daily stress, and self- regulatory abilities. The research component of this proposal involves a single in-person laboratory visit for questionnaires and dried blood spot collection and a 14-day daily diary to test (a) how CMV is related to daily stress processes in early adulthood and (b) the mechanisms that may explain these associations. The training component of this proposal includes (1) training, collection, and analysis of biological specimen, (2) primary data collection from an undergraduate sample, (3) advanced training in statistical methodology and R programming, (4) advanced training and expertise building in psychoneuroimmunology, and (5) extensive professional development and ethics training in preparation of a competitive academic career.

压力对生存非常有益，但会增加慢性疾病发展的风险。 寿命了解增加脆弱性以经历更多压力的生物机制，或 对它们的反应更消极，可以识别谁有与压力相关的负面健康结果的风险， 并协助有针对性的预防和缓解工作，旨在改善福祉，增加健康年数， 生活，并通过老龄化减少医疗负担。一个积极的反馈回路，称为免疫 自我调节失败模型（Shields等人，2017），为研究生物学提供了一个潜在的框架 和生理脆弱性的日常压力：增加生理激活导致神经系统 功能障碍，导致随后的自我调节缺陷和未来压力源的增加， 循环重复。该模型表明，增加的免疫激活，失调，或神经 变化可能会通过自我调节缺陷增加对压力的脆弱性。巨细胞病毒（CMV）， 无症状的潜伏疱疹病毒就是这样一种免疫因素，它可能增加对压力的脆弱性 及其影响。CMV与免疫系统老化加快和全身炎症加剧有关 生物标志物在老年人中的作用，但可能会影响健康，并在生命早期增加对压力的脆弱性。重要的是， 受巨细胞病毒影响的神经系统区域协调更高级的心理能力，如计划， 自我约束，自我调节，称为自我调节。在老年人中，CMV血清阳性与 通过自我报告评估的自我调节能力下降，但这还有待于在年轻人中进行测试（Segerstrom 例如，2022年）。此外，自我调节差的个体可能会经历更多的压力源（例如，关系 问题、债务等）并且对它们更具反应性（例如，报告一个更激烈的，消极的情绪后， 与自我调节能力较好的人相比。通过对自我调节和压力的研究， CMV对老年人的影响，以及对CMV和应激的初步调查， 了解连接CMV的生物机制，自我调节，以及年轻人群的日常压力， 仍然可以改变或预防CMV对日常生活和未来健康的干扰。拟议 该项目旨在通过评估CMV感染、日常压力和自我- 调节能力。本提案的研究部分涉及一次亲自实验室访问， 问卷调查和干血斑收集和14天的每日日记，以测试（a）CMV如何与每日 成年早期的压力过程和（B）可能解释这些关联的机制。培训 该提案的组成部分包括（1）生物标本的培训、收集和分析，（2）初级 从本科生样本中收集数据，（3）统计方法和R的高级培训 编程，（4）在心理神经免疫学的高级培训和专业知识建设，以及（5）广泛的 职业发展和道德培训，为竞争性学术生涯做准备。