Racial inequalities in sleep deficiencies: The role of stress in the workplace

睡眠不足方面的种族不平等：工作场所压力的作用

• 批准号: 10678786
• 负责人: Margaret Takako Hicken
• 金额: $ 66.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-07 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10678786
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acute; Adult; American; Autonomic nervous system; Behavior; Biological; Biological Markers; Biology; Black American; Black race; Blood Pressure; Characteristics; Chronic; Chronic stress; Data; Discrimination; Ecological momentary assessment; Economics; Emotional; Functional disorder; Growth; Health; Heart Rate; Hydrocortisone; Inequality; Inflammation; Intervention; Labor Forces; Laboratories; Life; Link; Literature; Measures; Morbidity - disease rate; Occupational; Occupations; Patient Self-Report; Race; Reporting; Research; Role; Sampling; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation; Source; Stress; Stress Tests; Stressful Event; System; Thinking; Time; Work; Workplace; actigraphy; acute stress; biological adaptation to stress; biological systems; black men; black women; equity, diversity, and inclusion; experience; health inequalities; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; infancy; mortality; poor sleep; professional atmosphere; psychosocial; racial determinant; racial disparity; racial population; rumination; sleep difficulty; sleep health; sleep quality; stressor; vigilance

Abstract A growing literature documents Black-White inequalities in sleep deficiencies with Black adults experiencing less sleep and lower sleep quality compared to White adults. Because sleep hygiene is tightly linked to health, racial inequalities in sleep deficiencies may be a key determinant of racial inequalities in health. Racial inequalities in work-related stress may be a key, but understudied driver of sleep inequalities and ultimately, health inequalities. As with all racial groups, the majority of Black men and women are in the labor force; however, compared to White adults, Black adults spend more time in the workplace, are more likely to hold multiple jobs – and twice as likely to hold two full-time jobs. Further compared to White adults, Black adults tend to be in occupations that are objectively more stressful, where they have less control and greater physical and emotional demands, and to report greater levels of stress at work. While work-related stress has been linked to sleep deficiencies, there is a need to examine more racially-salient forms of stress such as vigilance, or the thoughts and behaviors in which Black Americans may engage in order to navigate everyday spaces such as the workplace. A substantial qualitative literature indicates that Black adults regularly anticipate and worry about potential encounters in everyday life such as being followed in stores or having assumptions made about their intellect or character. Vigilance may be particularly important for sleep inequalities because it captures a racially-salient and prevalent for of stress with characteristics that interfere with sleep quality and duration, including: (a) anticipatory stress, which predicts increased biological stress even in the absence of a stressful event; and (b) ruminative stress, which can transform acute situations into chronic sources of stress. Using both real-world and laboratory settings, we propose to collect data from 500 Black men and women to capture both momentary work-related stressful experiences and chronic work-related stress. We propose to examine the linkages between racially-salient, work-related stress, captured through ecological momentary assessments (EMA), and sleep deficiencies, captured through self-report and actigraphy. The workplace is particularly relevant for racial inequalities in health due to focus on economic upward mobility among Black Americans and the growth of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives that may widen inequalities due to the need for vigilance as Black workers join predominantly White workplaces.

抽象的 越来越多的文献记录了黑人和白人在睡眠不足方面的不平等，黑人成年人经历了睡眠不足 与白人成年人相比，睡眠较少且睡眠质量较低。因为睡眠卫生与健康密切相关， 睡眠不足方面的种族不平等可能是健康方面种族不平等的一个关键决定因素。种族 工作相关压力的不平等可能是睡眠不平等的一个关键因素，但尚未得到充分研究，最终， 健康不平等。与所有种族群体一样，大多数黑人男女都属于劳动力； 然而，与白人成年人相比，黑人成年人在工作场所花费更多时间，更有可能坚持 从事多项工作——同时拥有两份全职工作的可能性是其两倍。进一步与白人成年人相比，黑人成年人 往往从事客观上压力更大的职业，他们的控制能力较差，体力消耗更大 和情感需求，并报告工作中更大的压力。虽然与工作相关的压力一直 与睡眠不足有关，有必要检查更具有种族显着性的压力形式，例如警惕性、 或美国黑人为了驾驭日常空间而可能采取的思想和行为 比如工作场所。大量定性文献表明，黑人成年人经常预期并 担心日常生活中可能遇到的情况，例如在商店中被跟踪或做出假设 关于他们的智力或性格。警惕对于睡眠不平等可能特别重要，因为它 捕捉了种族上显着且普遍存在的压力，其特征是干扰睡眠质量和 持续时间，包括：（a）预期应激，即使在没有应激反应的情况下，它也预测生物应激会增加。 应激事件； (b) 反省压力，它可以将紧急情况转变为慢性压力源。 我们建议利用现实世界和实验室环境收集 500 名黑人男性和女性的数据，以 捕捉与工作相关的短暂压力经历和与工作相关的长期压力。我们建议 检查通过生态瞬时捕获的种族显着压力和工作相关压力之间的联系 通过自我报告和体动记录仪捕获评估（EMA）和睡眠不足。工作场所是 由于关注黑人的经济向上流动性，与健康方面的种族不平等尤其相关 美国人以及多样性、公平性和包容性举措的发展可能会扩大不平等，因为 当黑人工人加入以白人为主的工作场所时，需要保持警惕。