Racial inequalities in sleep deficiencies: The role of stress in the workplace

睡眠不足方面的种族不平等：工作场所压力的作用

基本信息

批准号：
10449408
负责人：
Margaret Takako Hicken
金额：
$ 69.88万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-07 至 2027-04-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10449408
关键词：
3-Dimensional Acute Adult American Autonomic nervous system Behavior Biological Biological Markers Biology Black American Black race Blood Pressure Characteristics Chronic Chronic stress Data Discrimination Ecological momentary assessment Economics Emotional Functional disorder Growth Health Heart Rate Hydrocortisone Inequality Inflammation Intervention Labor Forces Laboratories Life Link Literature Measures Morbidity - disease rate Occupational Occupations Patient Self-Report Race Reporting Research Role Sampling Sleep Sleep Deprivation Source Stress Stress Tests Stressful Event System Thinking Time Work Workplace actigraphy acute stress biological adaptation to stress biological systems black men black women diversity and equity experience health inequalities hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis infancy mortality poor sleep professional atmosphere psychosocial racial determinant racial disparity rumination sleep difficulty sleep health sleep quality stressor vigilance

项目摘要

Abstract A growing literature documents Black-White inequalities in sleep deficiencies with Black adults experiencing less sleep and lower sleep quality compared to White adults. Because sleep hygiene is tightly linked to health, racial inequalities in sleep deficiencies may be a key determinant of racial inequalities in health. Racial inequalities in work-related stress may be a key, but understudied driver of sleep inequalities and ultimately, health inequalities. As with all racial groups, the majority of Black men and women are in the labor force; however, compared to White adults, Black adults spend more time in the workplace, are more likely to hold multiple jobs – and twice as likely to hold two full-time jobs. Further compared to White adults, Black adults tend to be in occupations that are objectively more stressful, where they have less control and greater physical and emotional demands, and to report greater levels of stress at work. While work-related stress has been linked to sleep deficiencies, there is a need to examine more racially-salient forms of stress such as vigilance, or the thoughts and behaviors in which Black Americans may engage in order to navigate everyday spaces such as the workplace. A substantial qualitative literature indicates that Black adults regularly anticipate and worry about potential encounters in everyday life such as being followed in stores or having assumptions made about their intellect or character. Vigilance may be particularly important for sleep inequalities because it captures a racially-salient and prevalent for of stress with characteristics that interfere with sleep quality and duration, including: (a) anticipatory stress, which predicts increased biological stress even in the absence of a stressful event; and (b) ruminative stress, which can transform acute situations into chronic sources of stress. Using both real-world and laboratory settings, we propose to collect data from 500 Black men and women to capture both momentary work-related stressful experiences and chronic work-related stress. We propose to examine the linkages between racially-salient, work-related stress, captured through ecological momentary assessments (EMA), and sleep deficiencies, captured through self-report and actigraphy. The workplace is particularly relevant for racial inequalities in health due to focus on economic upward mobility among Black Americans and the growth of diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives that may widen inequalities due to the need for vigilance as Black workers join predominantly White workplaces.

抽象的越来越多的文献记录了黑白不平等的黑白不平等，黑人成人经历与白人成年人相比，睡眠更少，睡眠质量较低。因为睡眠卫生与健康紧密相关，所以睡眠不足的种族不平等可能是卫生种族不平等现象的关键决定因素。种族与工作相关的压力的不平等可能是关键，但理解了睡眠不平等的驱动力，最终是健康不平等。与所有种族群体一样，大多数黑人男女都在劳动力中。但是，与白人成年人相比，黑人成年人在工作场所花费更多的时间，更有可能举行多个工作 - 有两个全职工作的可能性是两倍。与白人成年人相比倾向于客观上更加压力，在占领中，他们的控制力较小，身体更大和情感上的需求，并报告工作中更大的压力。虽然与工作有关的压力一直是与睡眠不足有关，有必要检查更具种族的压力形式，例如警惕性，或黑人美国人可以参与的思想和行为，以便每天导航例如工作场所。大量的定性文献表明，黑人成年人定期预期和担心日常生活中潜在的遭遇，例如在商店中遵循或做出假设关于他们的插图或性格。警惕对睡眠不平等可能尤其重要，因为它捕获大致降低和普遍的压力，并具有干扰睡眠质量和的特征持续时间，包括：（a）预期应力，即使在没有A 压力事件；（b）反刍的压力，可以将急性情况转化为慢性应力来源。使用现实世界和实验室环境，我们建议从500名黑人男女收集数据捕捉瞬时与工作相关的压力经历和长期与工作有关的压力。我们建议检查通过生态瞬间捕获的种族空位，与工作相关的压力之间的联系评估（EMA）和睡眠不足，通过自我报告和行为摄影捕获。工作场所是由于专注于黑人的经济向上流动性，与健康不平等特别相关美国人以及多样性，公平和包容性倡议的增长可能会因当黑人工人主要加入白色工作场所时，需要警惕。