The Role of Oogenesis in Speciation

卵子发生在物种形成中的作用

• 批准号: 10686389
• 负责人: Laurie Sherie Stevison
• 金额: $ 37.43万
• 依托单位: AUBURN UNIVERSITY AT AUBURN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-18 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10686389
• 关键词: Area; Biodiversity; Biology; Chromatin; Coupled; DNA Repair; DNA Transposable Elements; Data; Developmental Process; Drosophila genus; Environment; Environmental Health; Gametogenesis; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Recombination; Genetic Variation; Hybrids; Individual; Infertility; Infertility study; Investigation; Link; Measures; Meiotic Recombination; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Target; Nucleotides; Oogenesis; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Planet Earth; Process; Public Health; Recurrence; Reproduction; Reproductive Health; Research; Robot; Role; Source; Spontaneous abortion; Stress; Transcriptional Silencer Elements; Variant; Work; biological adaptation to stress; fitness; genetic variant; innovation; male; mutant; novel; programs; reproductive; stressor

Project Summary All biodiversity on earth is generated through the process of speciation. While speciation research is focused on the origins of reproductive barriers between species, the results of this work will inform the study of infertility, an important reproductive health concern. Though gametogenesis is a logical developmental process to study in regard to reproductive isolation, nearly all research focuses on male gametogenesis, with little to no work on oogenesis. The proposed research hypothesizes that environmental stress hastens the accumulation of genetic divergence through its impact on oogenesis, drawing connections between reproductive and environmental health. For example, environmental stress has been shown to cause recurrent spontaneous abortion, making this work relevant to public health. There are four key outcomes of environmental stress on oogenesis – transposable elements, structural variants, meiotic recombination rates, and gene regulation – that have been shown to be important to the study of speciation. By increasing genetic differences, oogenesis facilitates speciation between species that are differentially exposed. This proposal focuses primarily on recombination, while taking an important step towards integrating other outcomes. Previous research has shown that recombination rates evolve more rapidly than nucleotide divergence. This coupled with evidence that recombination rates are environmentally sensitive, suggests that the environment could be a major driver of local adaptation through recombination. This proposal leverages the ease of experimental manipulation in fruit flies to study the link between environmental sensitivity of oogenesis, the accumulation of novel genetic variation, and subsequent species divergence. First, within species oogenesis will be compared to hybrids under control and stress conditions investigating gene expression, chromatin conformation, organismal measures of stress response, and recombination. By targeting molecular pathways associated with transposable element silencing and DNA repair, this work can indirectly inform the accumulation of these novel genetic variants, answering a key question in evolutionary biology regarding sources of intra- and inter- species variation. Second, because differences in hybrid oogenesis could be attributed to reproductive incompatibilities impacting fitness, this work will investigate the relationship between fitness and recombination plasticity directly with three unique experimental stress treatments. Mutant markers will be used to compare recombination, with the aid of a novel high-throughput phenotyping robot. Wild type stocks known to be either sensitive or tolerant to selected stressors will be targeted. A major innovation of this work will be to investigate organismal stress response directly to compare fitness across treatments. The data collected from these two questions will be critical in the broader investigation of mechanisms of recombination rate plasticity, which remains a mystery even after a century of research in this area. In five years, the proposed work will answer crucial questions in speciation, while also filling a major gap of the importance of oogenesis in speciation.

项目摘要 地球上的所有生物多样性都是通过规范过程产生的。而规格研究集中 关于物种之间生殖障碍的起源，这项工作的结果将为您的研究提供信息 不育，重要的复制健康问题。尽管配子发生是一个逻辑发展过程 为了研究生殖隔离，几乎所有研究都集中在男配配物中，几乎没有到没有 研究卵子。拟议的研究假设环境压力会加速积累 遗传差异通过其对卵子发生的影响，在复制品和 环境健康。例如，已显示环境压力会引起复发的赞助商 堕胎，使这项工作与公共卫生有关。环境压力有四个关键结果 卵子发生 - 转座元素，结构变异，减数分裂重组率和基因调节 - 已证明对规范的研究很重要。通过增加遗传差异，卵子发生 促进了不同暴露的物种之间的规格。该提案主要关注 重组，同时朝着整合其他结果迈出重要的一步。先前的研究已有 表明，重组率比核丁基差异更快。这与证据相结合 重组率对环境敏感，表明环境可能是主要驱动因素 通过重组的局部适应。该建议利用了实验操作的便利性 果蝇研究卵子发生的环境敏感性之间的联系，新遗传的积累 变异和随后的物种差异。首先，将物种卵子发生与杂种相提并论 在控制基因表达，染色质构象，生物的控制和应力条件下 压力反应和重组的度量。通过针对与 这项工作可以间接告知这些新颖的累积 遗传变异，回答有关进化生物学的关键问题 物种变化。其次，因为杂交卵子发生的差异可以归因于生殖 影响健身的不兼容，这项工作将调查健身与重组之间的关系 可塑性直接采用三种独特的实验应力处理。突变标记将用于比较 重组，借助一种新型的高通量表型机器人。野生型股票已知 对选定的压力源的敏感或耐受性。这项工作的重大创新将是调查 有机胁迫反应直接比较跨处理的适应性。从这两个收集的数据 问题在更广泛地研究重组速率可塑性机制时至关重要，这 即使在该领域进行了一个世纪的研究，仍然是一个神秘的。五年后，拟议的工作将回答 规格中的关键问题，同时还填补了卵子发生在规范中的重要性的主要空白。