Using Informatics to Evaluate and Predict Cataract Surgery Impact on Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Mild Cognitive Impairment Outcomes

项目摘要/摘要 背景资料。视力障碍与阿尔茨海默病和相关疾病密切相关 痴呆(ADRD)在许多横断面和纵向研究中，我们发现情况更糟 基线视力与随后患痴呆症的风险越来越高有关。神经感觉剥夺 视觉障碍可能会对认知资源提出更大的要求，加速认知能力下降和 增加认知功能障碍的发生率。相反，改善视力可以改善认知能力。 增加神经感觉输入和减少对视觉加工的认知需求的结果 信息。白内障是视力受损的最常见原因-幸运的是， 然而，我们发现ADRD患者接受白内障手术的可能性仅为 那些没有ADRD的人。这可能反映了对潜在收益较少和感知风险较大的担忧。 目标。我们的长期目标是评估白内障手术作为一种潜在的干预措施 ADRD发病和进展风险的“曲线”，包括优化患者选择和手术时机。 这项建议的目的是调查白内障手术可能如何影响白内障的发生和进展。 轻度认知障碍(MCI)和ADRD，开发模型预测个别患者的ADRD/MCI 白内障手术后的结果，并确定关键的混杂因素、中介因素和效果修饰物。我们 假设白内障手术与(1)减少新的MCI和ADRD的发生率以及 (2)基线MCI或ADRD患者的认知衰退和损害进展减少，以及 (3)我们将能够预测个别患者的结果。我们建议使用我们小组拥有的方法 开发用于归档和分析电子健康记录(EHR)数据、开发经过管理的数据集和 实现三个目标：(1)确定白内障手术对ADRD和MCI发生率的影响；(2)确定 白内障手术对基线ADRD或MCI患者认知功能下降和损害的影响 以及(3)开发患者水平的预测模型，预测白内障手术后ADRD和MCI的预后。 冲击力。到目前为止，基于EHR的机器学习分析还没有应用于ADRD研究，并且 白内障手术对认知结果的影响尚不清楚。发现一种广泛存在的白内障 手术干预改善认知结果将是变革性的。我们估计一个潜在的未被满足的 每年影响到近350,000名患者的白内障手术需求-只是在患有 现有的阿尔茨海默氏症。这项工作的结果将直接为白内障手术风险的讨论提供依据。 和好处，也将促进未来的研究，包括务实的临床试验设计。通过开发和 传播基于开源EHR的算法，以识别和分类认知和视觉损害， 这项建议将使调查其他ADRD风险因素和干预措施，眼病研究，以及 一种更精确地管理个别病人的方法。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Background. Visual impairment has been strongly associated with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in numerous cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and we have found that worse baseline vision is tied to increasingly higher risk of subsequent dementia. Neurosensory deprivation from visual impairment may place greater demands on cognitive resources, accelerating cognitive decline and increasing the incidence of cognitive impairment. Conversely, improving vision could improve cognitive outcomes by increasing neurosensory input and reducing cognitive demand for processing visual information. Cataracts are the most common cause of visual impairment—fortunately reversible with surgery, however, we have found that ADRD patients are only half as likely to undergo cataract surgery as those without ADRD. This may reflect concerns regarding less potential benefit and greater perceived risks. Objectives. Our long-term goal is to evaluate cataract surgery as a potential intervention to “bend the curve” for risk of ADRD onset and progression, including optimizing patient selection and timing for surgery. The objective of this proposal is to investigate how cataract surgery may affect incidence and progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ADRD, develop models to predict individual patients’ ADRD/MCI outcomes following cataract surgery, and identify key confounders, mediators, and effect modifiers. We hypothesize that cataract surgery is associated with (1) reduction in incidence of new MCI and ADRD and (2) reduced cognitive decline and impairment progression among patients with baseline MCI or ADRD, and that (3) we will be able to predict individual patient outcomes. We propose to use methods our group has developed to archive and analyze electronic health record (EHR) data, to develop a curated data set and achieve three Aims: (1) Determine impact of cataract surgery on ADRD and MCI incidence; (2) Determine impact of cataract surgery on cognitive decline and impairment among patients with baseline ADRD or MCI, and (3) Develop patient-level predictive models for ADRD and MCI outcomes after cataract surgery. Impact. EHR-based machine learning analysis has not been applied to ADRD research to date, and the influence of cataract surgery on cognitive outcomes is not yet known. Finding that a widely-available cataract surgery intervention improves cognitive outcomes would be transformative. We estimate a potential unmet need for cataract surgery affecting almost 350,000 patients annually—just among the subset of patients with existing Alzheimer’s disease. Results from this work will directly inform discussion of cataract surgery risks and benefits and will also facilitate future research, including pragmatic clinical trial design. By developing and disseminating open source EHR-based algorithms to identify and classify cognitive and visual impairment, this proposal will enable investigation of other ADRD risk factors and interventions, eye disease research, and a more precise approach to managing individual patients.