Investigating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in jails to address the COVID-19 public health emergency

调查监狱中 SARS-CoV-2 的传播动态，以应对 COVID-19 公共卫生紧急情况

• 批准号: 10688288
• 负责人: Sara Nicole Levintow
• 金额: $ 13.51万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-22 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10688288
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Address; Admission activity; Amplifiers; Area; Black, Indigenous, People of Color; COVID-19; COVID-19 morbidity; COVID-19 mortality; COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 prevention; COVID-19 severity; COVID-19 testing; Calibration; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Computer Simulation; Confined Spaces; Coupled; Criminal Justice; Crowding; Data; Data Sources; Development; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Epidemiologist; Epidemiology; Equipment; Failure; Future; General Population; Geographic Locations; Goals; HIV; Health; Hospitalization; Hot Spot; Hygiene; Immunization Programs; Imprisonment; Incidence; Infection; Institution; Intervention; Jail; Knowledge; Law Enforcement; Lead; Link; Literature; Medical; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Mentorship; Methodology; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Movement; North Carolina; Outcome; Persons; Policies; Population; Population Sizes; Prevalence; Preventive; Prisons; Process; Reporting; Research; SARS-CoV-2 infection; SARS-CoV-2 transmission; Safety; Social Distance; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; United States Dept. of Health and Human Services; University resources; Vaccines; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Work; comorbidity; court; demographics; disease transmission; experience; improved; infectious disease model; mathematical analysis; mathematical model; mortality; population movement; prevent; public health emergency; racial health disparity; simulation; skills; therapy design; transmission process; vaccine hesitancy

ABSTRACT Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, explosive transmission of infection has occurred in jails and prisons. The spillover of infection between jails, prisons, and surrounding communities is fueled by high churn of the incarcerated population and daily cycling of correctional staff between facility and community. Failure to control transmission in correctional settings has resulted in significant COVID-19 morbidity and mortality and contributed to continuing racial health disparities. Despite emerging evidence of disproportionate spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection arising from jails and prisons, few studies have examined transmission dynamics in correctional settings or evaluated interventions to reduce COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The objective of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to equip Dr. Levintow with essential training in criminal justice research and infectious disease modeling to investigate the dynamic processes that drive SARS-CoV-2 transmission and advance intervention efforts to prevent COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, focusing on jails in North Carolina (NC). Specifically, a K01 award will provide substantive knowledge of the criminal justice system and infectious diseases in that context (Training Aim 1), methodological expertise in mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics (Training Aim 2), and new skills in linking system-level policy and interventions to epidemiological outcomes (Training Aim 3). Leveraging this training, Dr. Levintow will apply new expertise about infectious diseases in the criminal justice system to assess the extent to which population movement, COVID-19 testing, and COVID-19 cases in NC jails are predicted by jail characteristics (Research Aim 1). Guided by intensive training in the development, calibration, and analysis of mathematical models, Dr. Levintow will estimate SARS-CoV-2 incidence in NC jails and corresponding excess infection relative to surrounding communities (Research Aim 2). With new knowledge of existing and proposed interventions in jails – coupled with new skills to rigorously assess their effects – Dr. Levintow will evaluate the impact of those interventions on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality (Research Aim 3). Study findings will inform prioritization of interventions with greatest impact for the highly vulnerable populations in NC jails and their surrounding communities across the state. This study will benefit from the institutional resources of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and will be guided by a mentoring team of leading experts with extensive experience examining infectious disease in the criminal justice system and conducting modeling analyses to inform interventions on spread of infection. This K01 award will provide both the training needed to accomplish the proposed research and the support necessary to launch Dr. Levintow's independence as an infectious disease epidemiologist, laying the groundwork for R01-level research expanded to the national level and to other infectious diseases with potential for explosive outbreaks in jails and prisons.

抽象的 在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间，监狱和监狱中发生了爆炸性感染传播。 监狱、监狱和周边社区之间的感染蔓延是由于人员流动率高而加剧的。 被监禁人口以及惩教人员在设施和社区之间的日常循环。无法控制 惩教机构中的传播已导致 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率显着增加， 造成持续的种族健康差异。尽管有新的证据表明病毒的传播不成比例 SARS-CoV-2 感染源自看守所和监狱，但很少有研究考察监狱中的传播动态 惩教环境或评估干预措施以降低 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率。的目标 该导师研究科学家发展奖（K01）旨在为 Levintow 博士提供以下方面的基本培训： 刑事司法研究和传染病模型，以调查驱动的动态过程 SARS-CoV-2 传播并推进干预措施以预防 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率， 重点关注北卡罗来纳州 (NC) 的监狱。具体来说，K01 奖将提供以下方面的实质性知识： 刑事司法系统和这方面的传染病（培训目标 1）、方法学专业知识 传染病动力学的数学建模（培训目标 2），以及连接系统级的新技能 对流行病学结果的政策和干预措施（培训目标 3）。 Levintow 博士利用这次培训 将在刑事司法系统中应用有关传染病的新专业知识来评估 根据监狱特征预测北卡罗来纳州监狱中的人口流动、COVID-19 检测和 COVID-19 病例 （研究目标1）。以数学开发、校准和分析方面的强化培训为指导 Levintow 博士将估计北卡罗来纳州监狱中的 SARS-CoV-2 发病率以及相应的过度感染 相对于周围社区（研究目标 2）。凭借对现有和拟议的新知识 监狱中的干预措施——加上严格评估其效果的新技能——莱文托博士将评估 这些干预措施对 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率的影响（研究目标 3）。研究结果将告知 优先考虑对北卡罗来纳州监狱及其所在监狱的高度弱势群体影响最大的干预措施 全州周边社区。本研究将受益于该机构的机构资源 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校将由顶尖专家组成的指导团队提供指导 在刑事司法系统中检查传染病和进行建模的丰富经验 分析为感染传播的干预措施提供信息。该 K01 奖项将提供以下所需的培训： 完成拟议的研究和必要的支持，以启动莱文托博士的独立性 传染病流行病学家，为R01级研究扩展到国家级奠定基础 以及其他有可能在监狱和监狱中爆发性爆发的传染病。