Vascular and Behavioral Determinants of Superior Memory Performance from Continuous Monitoring of Everyday Activities

摘要（项目1） 项目1将利用超级老龄化联盟来测试超级老龄化相对于 与对照组相比，在身体活动领域， 自主反应性（例如，血压、心率）、睡眠和社会参与。的人数 到2050年，80岁及以上的人口预计将增加两倍，达到4.26亿人，这使得成功的老龄化成为一个重要因素。 社会和经济优先事项。典型的衰老与挑战相关， 系统需求（内部或外部）。这种响应能力和/或稳定系统的能力的丧失（框 理论上是生理和行为“复杂性”的“丧失”）解释了许多与年龄相关的衰退 神经连接平衡控制记忆等等然而，超级老人似乎对一些 与年龄相关的认知变化，因此代表了“理想的”衰老目标。虽然超级老人自我报告 与他们的对照组相比，身体活动和社会参与增加，但对实际情况知之甚少。 生理和行为上的差异来区分超级老人。这是一个关键的缺失环节， 这些过程是成功衰老的潜在途径的基础。超级老龄化联盟提供了一个独特的 我们有机会揭示这一缺失的环节，重要的是，在一个多样化的群体中这样做。了解如何损失 日常活动中的复杂性需要敏感的、多时间尺度的、能够 以时间点和临床评估无法提供的方式捕获动态和复杂的行为。我们 将收集机械声传感器记录，在每天的活动，超过24小时的时间段，为两个 与临床/影像学中心共同入组的SuperAgers及其对照组中的受试者均接受了为期10周的研究。使用多尺度熵 方法，我们将生成一个“复杂性”得分，捕捉质量，数量，范围和一致性， 身体活动、自主神经系统功能、睡眠和社会参与行为，以及 跨越数天。在目标1中，我们将确定身体活动和自主神经系统的复杂性是否丧失， 系统（ANS）活动将SuperAgers与Control区分开来。在目标2中，我们将确定 睡眠质量和睡眠期间ANS活动的复杂性将超级老年人与对照组区分开来。在目标3中， 将决定社会参与的复杂性是否将超级老人与对照组区分开来。我们预测 与对照组相比，超级老年人将表现出更高的体力活动复杂性和更高的 自主功能复杂性反映更高的身体活动的总体水平和质量;更低（即，更好） 睡眠复杂性分数反映了睡眠模式的较低变异性;以及较高的社会参与复杂性 分数表明，他们更一贯从事口头活动相比，典型的老年人。项目1 将扩大SuperAging表型，揭示SuperAgers是否对生理和生理功能的丧失具有免疫力， 行为的复杂性，并将通过促进未来的高影响力研究， 可以解决与衰老的生物学、生理学和行为机制相关的新假设。

ABSTRACT (Project 1) Project 1 will leverage the SuperAging Consortium to test the supposition that SuperAgers have relatively preserved physiologic and behavioral complexity, compared to Controls, in the domains of physical activity, autonomic responsivity (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate), sleep, and social engagement. The number of people 80 years and older is expected to triple to ~ 426 million by the year 2050 making successful aging an essential social and economic priority. Typical aging is associated with challenges responding dynamically to heightened system demands (internal or external). This loss of responsiveness, and/or ability to stabilize the system, (framed theoretically as a ‘loss’ of physiologic and behavioral ‘complexity’) accounts for a number of age-related declines in neural connectivity, balance control, memory, among others. However, SuperAgers appear immune to some age-related cognitive changes, and thus represent an ‘ideal’ aging target. Whilst SuperAgers self-report increased physical activity and social engagement compared to their Controls, little is known about the actual physiologic and behavioral differences that distinguish SuperAgers. This is a critical missing link in understanding processes that underlie potential pathways to successful aging. The SuperAging Consortium offers a unique opportunity to reveal this missing link, and importantly, to do so in a diverse cohort. Understanding how loss of complexity manifests in everyday activities requires sensitive, multiple time-scale, measurements capable of capturing dynamic and complex behaviors in a way not afforded by point-in-time and clinical assessments. We will collect mechanoacoustic sensor recordings, during every day activities, over 24-hour time periods for two weeks in both SuperAgers and their Controls co-enrolled with the Clinical/Imaging Core. Using multiscale entropy approaches we will generate a ‘complexity’ score that captures the quality, quantity, range, and consistency of physical activity, autonomic nervous system function, sleep, and social engagement behaviors within, and across, days. In Aim 1, we will determine whether loss of complexity in physical activity and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. In Aim 2, we will determine whether loss of complexity in sleep quality and ANS activity during sleep differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. In Aim 3, we will determine whether complexity in social engagement differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. We predict that compared to their Controls, SuperAgers will demonstrate higher physical activity complexity and higher autonomic function complexity reflecting greater overall levels and quality of physical activity; lower (i.e., better) sleep complexity scores reflecting lower variability in sleep patterns; and higher social engagement complexity scores suggesting they are more consistently engaged in verbal activities compared to typical agers. Project 1 will expand the SuperAging phenotype, reveal whether SuperAgers are immune to loss of physiologic and behavioral complexity, and will accelerate geroscience discoveries by fostering future high impact studies that can address novel hypotheses linking biological, physiologic, and behavioral mechanism of aging.