Vascular and Behavioral Determinants of Superior Memory Performance from Continuous Monitoring of Everyday Activities

摘要(项目1) 项目1将利用SuperAging联盟来测试SuperAger具有相对 在体力活动领域，与对照组相比，保留了生理和行为的复杂性， 自主神经反应(例如，血压、心率)、睡眠和社交活动。人数之多 预计到2050年，80岁及以上的人口将增加两倍，达到约4.26亿人，这使得成功老龄化成为必不可少的因素 社会和经济优先事项。典型的老龄化与动态响应高强度的挑战有关 系统需求(内部或外部)。这种响应性的丧失和/或稳定系统的能力的丧失(框图 从理论上讲，由于生理和行为上的“复杂性”的“丧失”)导致了许多与年龄相关的下降 在神经连接、平衡控制、记忆等方面。然而，超级老人似乎对一些 与年龄相关的认知变化，因此代表了一个“理想的”衰老目标。而SuperAger自我报告 与对照组相比，他们的体力活动和社交参与度更高，对实际情况知之甚少 区别超级老人的生理和行为差异。这是理解中的一个关键缺失环节 这些过程构成了成功衰老的潜在途径。超级老龄化联盟提供了一个独特的 有机会揭示这一缺失的环节，而且重要的是，在不同的队列中这样做。了解损失是如何 日常活动中的复杂性需要敏感的、多时间尺度的、能够 以时间点和临床评估无法提供的方式捕获动态和复杂的行为。我们 将收集机械声学传感器记录，在每天的活动中，超过24小时的时间段为两个 在SuperAger和他们的对照组中都有几周的时间与临床/成像核心共同登记。使用多尺度熵 方法，我们将生成一个‘复杂性’分数，该分数捕捉质量、数量、范围和一致性 身体活动、自主神经系统功能、睡眠和社交行为，以及 跨过，几天。在目标1中，我们将确定体力活动和自主神经复杂性的丧失 系统(ANS)活动将超级老年人与对照组区分开来。在目标2中，我们将确定是否会损失 睡眠质量和睡眠期间ANS活动的复杂性使超级老年组与对照组有所不同。在目标3中，我们 这将决定社交参与的复杂性是否会将超级老年人与对照组区分开来。我们预测 与他们的对照组相比，超级老年人将表现出更高的体力活动复杂性和更高的 反映更高的整体体力活动水平和质量的自主神经功能复杂性；更低(即更好) 睡眠复杂性得分反映了睡眠模式的较低变异性；以及较高的社交参与复杂性 得分表明，与典型的老年人相比，他们更始终如一地参与语言活动。项目1 将扩展SuperAging表型，揭示SuperAger是否对生理和免疫功能丧失免疫 行为复杂性，并将通过促进未来的高影响研究来加速老年科学的发现 可以解决将衰老的生物学、生理学和行为机制联系起来的新假说。

ABSTRACT (Project 1) Project 1 will leverage the SuperAging Consortium to test the supposition that SuperAgers have relatively preserved physiologic and behavioral complexity, compared to Controls, in the domains of physical activity, autonomic responsivity (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate), sleep, and social engagement. The number of people 80 years and older is expected to triple to ~ 426 million by the year 2050 making successful aging an essential social and economic priority. Typical aging is associated with challenges responding dynamically to heightened system demands (internal or external). This loss of responsiveness, and/or ability to stabilize the system, (framed theoretically as a ‘loss’ of physiologic and behavioral ‘complexity’) accounts for a number of age-related declines in neural connectivity, balance control, memory, among others. However, SuperAgers appear immune to some age-related cognitive changes, and thus represent an ‘ideal’ aging target. Whilst SuperAgers self-report increased physical activity and social engagement compared to their Controls, little is known about the actual physiologic and behavioral differences that distinguish SuperAgers. This is a critical missing link in understanding processes that underlie potential pathways to successful aging. The SuperAging Consortium offers a unique opportunity to reveal this missing link, and importantly, to do so in a diverse cohort. Understanding how loss of complexity manifests in everyday activities requires sensitive, multiple time-scale, measurements capable of capturing dynamic and complex behaviors in a way not afforded by point-in-time and clinical assessments. We will collect mechanoacoustic sensor recordings, during every day activities, over 24-hour time periods for two weeks in both SuperAgers and their Controls co-enrolled with the Clinical/Imaging Core. Using multiscale entropy approaches we will generate a ‘complexity’ score that captures the quality, quantity, range, and consistency of physical activity, autonomic nervous system function, sleep, and social engagement behaviors within, and across, days. In Aim 1, we will determine whether loss of complexity in physical activity and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. In Aim 2, we will determine whether loss of complexity in sleep quality and ANS activity during sleep differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. In Aim 3, we will determine whether complexity in social engagement differentiates SuperAgers from Controls. We predict that compared to their Controls, SuperAgers will demonstrate higher physical activity complexity and higher autonomic function complexity reflecting greater overall levels and quality of physical activity; lower (i.e., better) sleep complexity scores reflecting lower variability in sleep patterns; and higher social engagement complexity scores suggesting they are more consistently engaged in verbal activities compared to typical agers. Project 1 will expand the SuperAging phenotype, reveal whether SuperAgers are immune to loss of physiologic and behavioral complexity, and will accelerate geroscience discoveries by fostering future high impact studies that can address novel hypotheses linking biological, physiologic, and behavioral mechanism of aging.