Project 3: Methods for Selective Extraction, Concentration and Detection of N-Nitrosamines

项目总结/摘要-项目3 N-亚硝胺包括一些人类已知的最具诱变性的化学物质，它们存在于 以及超级基金站点附近，饮用水，食品和药物。我们需要的是新的方法来检测 水中的N-亚硝胺，可用于实现分布式传感。告知风险的一个主要限制是 暴露的事实是，N-亚硝胺检测需要先进的实验室设备，在集中 地点这些方法虽然高度准确，但价格昂贵，需要训练有素的技术人员。目标 该项目的目的是创造足够便宜的材料和方法， 不需要详细的技术培训。具体目标1是创建和部署多孔 具有对N-亚硝胺特异性的识别元件的吸收性聚合物膜和颗粒。 含识别剂的固相萃取材料可用于从水中富集N-亚硝胺。 在检测到N-亚硝胺的条件下，项目3有助于确定哪些N-亚硝胺 亚硝胺的存在，将通过常规的集中实验室测定（将由 项目4）。了解存在哪些N-亚硝胺将指导项目进行生物影响研究 1、项目2。具体目标2是创建和应用利用NDMA的新型NDMA光学传感器 碎片化产物。固相萃取材料还可作为现场部署的平台， 传感系统检测机制利用N-亚硝胺的光解分解， 在溶液中或直接在固相萃取材料中进行。光解产生的活性物质 允许通过对有机芳族分子的附加反应进行检测， 物种或高度着色的材料。另外，光解产生的反应性物质可用于产生 化学发光具体目标3是创建一个可在实地部署的装置，供社区有效使用 成员执行公民科学。将评估给出的新的基于光学的传感方法 灵敏度、准确度、对干扰物质的抗性，以及转化为适用于 社区成员使用。利用智能手机摄像头将有助于提供传感方法 作为探测器智能手机方法可用于比色和发射检测方法。与 CEC的支持，使社区能够经常检测其环境中的N-亚硝胺， 供水将有助于更全面地了解风险以及季节、天气和 人为干预影响接触风险。学员将推动研究，并将得到 研究经验和培训协调核心，和研究翻译将促进 行政核心。存在N-亚硝胺的结果将由数据管理部门合并 和分析核心，对生物影响有了新的认识，有助于我们理解 具体水样。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – PROJECT 3 N-nitrosamines include some of the most mutagenic chemicals known to humankind, and they are present at and near Superfund Sites, in drinking water, and in food and drugs. What is needed are new methods to detect N-nitrosamines in water that can be used to enable distributed sensing. A major limitation in informing risk of exposure is the fact that N-nitrosamine detection requires sophisticated laboratory equipment in centralized locations. These methods, although highly accurate, are expensive and require trained technical staff. The goal of this project is to create materials and methods that are sufficiently inexpensive to be performed routinely by individuals without the need for detailed technical training. Specific Aim 1 is to create and deploy porous absorptive polymer films and particles with recognition elements specific for N-nitrosamines. Recognition containing solid phase extraction materials can be used to concentrate N-nitrosamines from water. Under conditions where N-nitrosamines are detected, Project 3 then contributes to the identification of which N- nitrosamines are present, to be done via conventional centralized laboratory determinations (to be developed by Project 4). Knowing which N-nitrosamines are present will guide studies of biological impact to be done by Project 1 and Project 2. Specific Aim 2 is to create and apply a novel NDMA optical sensor that exploits NDMA fragmentation products. The solid phase extraction materials also serve as a platform for field-deployed sensing systems. The detection mechanisms make use of photolytic breakdown of N-nitrosamines that can be conducted in solution or directly in solid phase extraction materials. Reactive species generated by photolysis allow for detection by additional reactions to organic aromatic molecules that can be used to create new emissive species or highly colored materials. Additionally, reactive species generated photolytically can be used to create chemiluminescence. Specific Aim 3 is to create a field-deployable device effective for use by community members to perform Citizen Science. The new optical based sensing methods given will be evaluated for sensitivity, accuracy, resistance to interfering species, and the ability to be translated to methods appropriate for use by community members. Providing sensing methods will be facilitated by leveraging smartphone cameras as detectors. Smartphone methods can be used in both colorimetric and emissive detection methods. With support from the CEC, empowering communities to frequently detect N-nitrosamines in their environment and water supplies will help to create a more comprehensive understanding of risk and how seasons, weather, and human interventions impact the exposure risks. Trainees will drive the research and will be supported by the Research Experience and Training Coordination Core, and research translation will be fostered by the Administrative Core. Results on which N-nitrosamines are present will be combined by the Data Management and Analysis Core with new understanding of biological impact to contribute to our comprehension of risk for specific water samples.