Office of the Scientific Director

科学主任办公室

• 批准号: 10706208
• 负责人: Anna Maria Napoles
• 金额: $ 394.04万
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10706208
• 关键词: Address; Age; Alaska; Alaska Native; Aleut; American Indians; Area; Asian; Asian Pacific Islander; Behavioral; Black Populations; Black race; Blood Pressure; Books; COVID-19; COVID-19 disparity; COVID-19 pandemic; Censuses; Clinical; Collaborations; Colorado; Communities; Contractor; Contracts; County; Dimensions; Disease; Education; Ensure; Epidemiology; Ethnic Origin; Ethnic group; Evaluation; Exposure to; Future; Geography; Health; Health Disparities Research; Health Status Indicators; Incidence; Institutes; Knowledge; Latino Population; Life Expectancy; Literature; Location; Longevity; MeSH Thesaurus; Measures; Mentors; Methodology; Minority Groups; Minority Health Research; Mission; Modeling; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; Outcome; Pacific Islander; Paper; Pattern; Personal Satisfaction; Persons; Policies; Population; Population Attributable Risks; Premature Mortality; Prevalence; Publications; Race; Reporting; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Risk Factors; Scientific Advances and Accomplishments; Series; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Socioeconomic Status; Sum; Survey Methodology; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; United States National Library of Medicine; Vaccinated; Vulnerable Populations; Work; burden of illness; computer framework; data visualization; disability-adjusted life years; ethnic difference; ethnic health disparity; ethnic minority population; experience; fasting plasma glucose; gender minority group; genome sciences; geographic difference; health disparity; health equity; high body mass index; high reward; high risk; improved; indexing; innovation; insight; interdisciplinary collaboration; journal article; minority health; mortality; psychological distress; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; sex; social; social disadvantage; social health determinants; underserved rural area; willingness; working group; years lived with disability; years of life lost

U.S. Burden of Health Disparities Project. In FY 19, NIMHD DIR launched a landmark 3-year collaborative study called the U.S. Burden of Health Disparities and continues to work collaboratively with the Contractor, Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation, to produce U.S. county-level estimates of the burden of disease stratified by race/ethnicity, SES, sex, and age. NIMHD DIR seeks to produce a comprehensive report on the state of the U.S. burden of disease, providing detailed assessments of patterns of health status indicators and risk factors by race/ethnicity, sex, education, age, and location, with a public platform for downloading the data and data visualizations. NIMHD DIR and the U.S. Burden of Health Disparities Working Group (with representation from multiple NIH Institutes and Centers) have been guiding the work of the Contractor. September 2021 will mark the end of the 2nd year of the 3-year contract with IHME. During FY22, the U.S. Burden of Health Disparities project produced, for the first time, county-level estimates of life expectancy by five race and ethnicity groups and by sex over a 20-year time series. Modeling both geographically and by race and ethnicity offers granular insight into the progress or lack thereof in peoples longevity over the first two decades of the 21st century. IHMEs life expectancy estimates represent the initial offering of an ongoing series of US county-level analyses by race and ethnicity. By revealing the large geographic variation within and across race and ethnicity groups, these findings allow decision-makers to develop more tailored, nuanced policies so that everyone can live healthy and full lives. Highlights of these analyses follow: Life expectancy overall in the US improved by 2.3 years between 2000 and 2019, but by race and ethnicity group, national life expectancy improvements ranged from 0 years for the American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) population to 3.9 years for the Black population. Within each race and ethnicity group, life expectancy varied widely at the county level. For instance, life expectancy for the Latino population in 2019 ranged from 71.3 years in Huerfano County, Colorado, to 94.9 years in the Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska. From 2000 to 2019, 88% of counties experienced an increase in life expectancy. At least 75% of counties saw increases for the Black, Asian or Pacific Islander (API), White, and Latino populations. By contrast, estimated life expectancy declined for the AIAN population in nearly 62% of counties. This analysis covering the two decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the pressing need to reduce, and ultimately eliminate, racial and ethnic health disparities, as well as disaggregate Pacific Islanders from Asians and other major groups. The project also aims to estimate at least four other summary measures of health at the US county level by race and ethnicity and education. Researchers are hard at work computing years of life lost (YLLs, or years lost due to premature mortality), years lived with disability (YLDs, or years lived in less than full health), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, or the sum of YLLs and YLDs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE, or a measure of life expectancy that considers mortality and nonfatal outcomes). We are also estimating prevalence and incidence of select diseases; exposure to risks like high fasting plasma glucose, high systolic blood pressure, and high body mass index; and the population attributable fractions for those risk factors. Due to the increased scale and dimensions of results for this project, researchers must modify key components of the existing computational framework to produce these summary metrics at the county level. Senior Advisor to the Scientific Director. In FY22, Dr. Anita Stewart continued as a Senior Advisor to the Scientific Director and continues to mentor early-stage investigators, provide scientific input on future directions for the NIMHD DIR, and serve as a methodological expert on survey methods, health measures and health disparities research methods. She co-authored with the Scientific Director a publication that examined racial-ethnic differences in willingness to be vaccinated for COVID-19 and is co-authoring a paper on racial-ethnic disparities in COVID-19-related psychological distress, along with several others. NLM Collaboration on MeSH. NIMHD DIR continues to build its capacity and leverage NIH-wide facilities and collaborations to advance research on health disparities and minority health at NIH. DIR worked with the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to obtain approval to add 80 terms and concepts, and 24 new Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) related to social determinants of health (SDOH), which became available November 2021. For FY22, building on this work, NIMHD DIR is working with NLM to develop more nuanced MeSH terms to identify racial/ethnic/tribal populations in the literature. This work has included engaging subject matter experts and public listening sessions to ensure terms are thoughtfully developed. This will result in an improved ability to index and identify journal articles and books addressing minority health/health disparities research.

美国健康差异负担项目。 在19财年，NIMHD DIR发起了一项具有里程碑意义的3年合作研究，名为《美国卫生差异负担》，并继续与承包商，卫生指标和评估研究所合作，以产生美国县级别的估计，以估计因种族/种族/种族，SES，性别，性别和年龄而分层的疾病负担。 NIMHD DIR试图通过种族/民族，性​​别，性别，教育，年龄和位置，通过下载数据和数据可视化的公共平台，对健康状况指标的模式和风险因素进行详细评估，以详细评估健康状况指标和风险因素的详细评估。 NIMHD DIR和美国健康差异工作组的负担（来自多个NIH机构和中心的代表）一直在指导承包商的工作。 2021年9月将标志着与IHME的3年合同的第二年结束。 在22财年期间，美国健康差异的负担项目首次通过五个种族和种族群体对县级预期寿命的估计以及20年的性行为。在地理位置和种族和种族上进行建模，可以在21世纪的前二十年中对人民长寿的进步或缺乏的颗粒状见解。 IHMES的预期寿命估计是根据种族和种族进行的一系列美国县级分析的初步发表。通过揭示种族和种族群体内部和跨种族群体内部和跨种族的巨大差异，这些发现使决策者能够制定更量身定制的细微差别政策，以便每个人都可以健康健康。这些分析的亮点如下： 在2000年至2019年之间，美国总体预期寿命提高了2.3年，但按种族和种族群体，国家预期寿命的提高范围从美国印第安人和阿拉斯加人（Aian）人口的0年到黑人人口的3.9年。 在每个种族和种族群体中，预期寿命在县一级差异很大。例如，2019年拉丁裔人口的预期寿命范围从科罗拉多州的Huerfano县的71.3年到阿拉斯加的阿留申西人口人口普查地区的94.9岁。 从2000年到2019年，有88％的县经历了预期寿命的增加。至少有75％的县看到黑人，亚洲或太平洋岛民（API），白人和拉丁裔人口增加。相比之下，近62％的县的AIAS人口估计预期寿命下降。 这项涵盖了Covid-19-19大流行之前二十年的分析表明，迫切需要减少，最终消除，种族和种族健康差异，以及将太平洋岛民与亚洲人和其他主要群体分类。 该项目还旨在通过种族，种族和教育估算美国县一级的其他四项健康措施。研究人员正在努力工作的计算损失（YLL或由于过早死亡率而损失的年），多年生活（YLDS，或生活年龄少于全部健康），残疾调整的生活年（Dalys或YLL和YLD的总和）以及预期的预期寿命或预期的态度和不适合衡量Conterancy和Nontak and Conterancy和Nonterfate Conterancy和Fratanty Conterancy和Fartation Canserancy和Nonffate Conterance and forfate and Fatal and Fatal。我们还估计了某些疾病的患病率和发病率；暴露于高空血浆葡萄糖，高收缩压和高体重指数等风险；以及这些危险因素的人口分数。由于该项目的结果规模和尺寸增加，研究人员必须修改现有计算框架的关键组成部分，以在县级生产这些摘要指标。 科学总监高级顾问。在22财年，安妮塔·斯图尔特（Anita Stewart）博士继续担任科学主任的高级顾问，并继续指导早期研究人员，对NIMHD DIR的未来方向提供科学意见，并在调查方法，健康措施和健康差异研究方法上充当方法论专家。她与科学总监合着了一份出版物，该出版物研究了与19 Covid-19的愿意接种疫苗的种族种族差异，并正在共同撰写有关COVID-19与19位与心理困扰的种族种族差异的论文，以及其他几位。 NLM在网格上的合作。 Nimhd Dir继续建立其能力，并利用NIH范围内的设施和合作，以提高NIH的健康差异和少数族裔健康研究。 DIR与国家医学图书馆（NLM）合作，获得了添加80个术语和概念的批准，以及与健康的社会决定因素（SDOH）有关的24个新的医学主题标题（网格），该标题（网格）于2021年11月上市。对于这项工作，NIMHD DIR与NLM一起开发了更多的NIMHD DIR，以开发更多的NIMHD DIR来开发NIMHD MESH的术语，以确定种族/派遣种族/宗教的文献，以培养文献/派遣文献来培养文献/文献销售。这项工作包括吸引主题专家和公众聆听会议，以确保经过深思熟虑。这将提高索引和确定有关少数民族健康/健康差异研究的期刊文章和书籍的能力。