Real-time mapping and adaptive testing for neural population hypotheses

摘要 神经记录技术的最新进展使研究越来越大和越来越复杂的神经元成为可能。 神经元的子集，产生了越来越多的兴趣，集体计算性能的神经流行， ulations。理想情况下，因果检验这些人口假设需要时间和选择实验材料。 基于神经动力学的当前状态，但技术限制使其难以实现。 实践然而，最近关于神经数据的实时预处理和建模的工作已经证明， 对神经种群动态的最新估计确实是可能的，为适应性 实验中，任务的设计根据传入的数据而改变。本提案的目的是 通过以下方式将这些进展传播给尽可能广泛的系统神经科学家受众：1）设计和 验证在线映射神经状态和行为的新方法。2)开发算法， 定时和选择实验操作的基础上，这些瞬时的神经和行为状态。第三章 使我们的自适应实验平台improv更易于安装、使用和配置，以适应不同的模型 有机体和硬件设置。通过允许研究人员在线测试想法，这些工具将有助于快速 从整个大脑到局部电路水平的“向下钻取”，在有限的经验中最大限度地提高统计效率， 心理时间，并为神经群体假设提供更强的因果推理，具有广泛的影响 for systems系统neuroscience神经科学. 1

ABSTRACT Recent advances in neural recording technologies have made it possible to study increasingly large and di- verse subsets of neurons, producing a growing interest in the collective computational properties of neural pop- ulations. Ideally, causally testing these population hypotheses requires timing and selecting experimental ma- nipulations based on the current state of neural dynamics, but technical limitations have rendered this difficult in practice. However, recent work on real-time preprocessing and modeling of neural data has demonstrated that up-to-the minute estimates of neural population dynamics are indeed possible, opening the door to adap-tive experiments in which the design of the task changes based on incoming data. The goal of this proposal is to disseminate these advances to the widest possible audience of systems neuroscientists by: 1) Designing and validating new methods for mapping neural states and behavior online. 2) Developing algorithms for optimally timing and selecting experimental manipulations based on these instantaneous neural and behavioral states. 3) Making improv, our platform for adaptive experiments, easier to install, use, and configure for diverse model organisms and hardware setups. By allowing researchers to test ideas online, such tools will facilitate rapid “drill-down” from the whole brain to the local circuit levels, maximizing statistical efficiency in limited experi- mental time and providing stronger causal inferences for neural population hypotheses, with broad implications for systems neuroscience. 1