How infant-directed speech organizes the attentional state of infants

项目概要/摘要 与成熟的社会伙伴的社会互动为深远的发展成果提供了支撑和支持 包括词汇发展、学业成绩、自我控制和执行功能。尽管是 对婴儿的健康和成功发育至关重要，成熟的社会伙伴 对发展的影响尚不清楚。一项新的文献表明，照顾者会影响婴儿的发育 通过直接影响婴儿的内部状态，包括自主活动的变化。拟议研究 将成熟的社会伙伴的发声与婴儿的自主活动和持续的注意力联系起来， 认知里程碑高度预测婴儿视觉注意力，自我控制，语言和 后来的学校成绩。建议的研究重点是识别社会的声学特征， 伙伴的声音，以及这些属性如何影响自主状态和持续的视觉注意力的对象， 12-到24个月大的婴儿，个体差异出现的年龄具有预测性后果。的 最重要的假设是看护者声音的声学特性作用于婴儿的自主状态， 支持持续的视觉注意力。因此，拟议的研究测量了婴儿的多个组成部分， 行为：眼睛注视，身体运动和心率，通过使用诸如头戴式眼睛的方法， 跟踪和内部建造的无线背心配备了国家的最先进的传感器，除了声音的 成熟的社会伙伴。具体目标1（K99）使用实验范式来操作，识别和链接 婴儿自主神经状态和注视持续时间的特定声学特征 在自然主义游戏中对物体进行积极的视觉探索。特定目标2（R00）将纵向测量 与照顾者相关的视觉注意和物体名称学习的个体差异的发展 发声及其对自主神经状态的影响。分析将检查个人的发展轨迹 以及持续视觉注意和名称学习的个体差异的出现， 照顾者发声对自主神经状态的影响。拟议中的研究将通过将 看护者发声的即时测量对婴儿凝视和婴儿自主活动的作用， 长期的发展成果，如自我调节的注意力和学习，提供了一个潜在的新途径， 确定高危婴儿的干预目标。在追求这些研究目标时，申请人将 完成一套量身定制的科学和专业发展活动，超越申请人目前的 训练这将包括在收集和分析大型、多模态、纵向数据方面的培训， 图论网络分析，并在测量和持续关注分析高级培训。 再加上申请人以前的培训，这套技能将准备申请人推出一个独立的 研究生涯是在理论上有充分的基础，在方法多方面，跨学科，并与 翻译的含义。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Social interactions with mature social partners scaffold and support far-reaching developmental outcomes including vocabulary development, school achievement, self-control, and executive functioning. Despite being critical to the healthy and successful development of infants, the mechanisms by which mature social partners can influence development is not clear. An emerging literature suggests caregivers influence infant development by directly influencing the infant’s internal state, including changes in autonomic activity. The proposed research connects the vocalizations of mature social partners with infant autonomic activity and sustained attention, a cognitive milestone highly predictive of individual differences in infant visual attention, self-control, language, and later school achievement. The proposed research is focused on identifying the acoustic features of the social partner’s voice and how those properties influence autonomic state and sustained visual attention to objects in 12- to 24-month old infants, ages when individual differences emerge with predictive consequences. The overarching hypothesis is that the acoustic properties of caregiver voice act on the autonomic state of the infant, supporting sustained visual attention. As such, the proposed studies measure multiple components of infant behavior: eye gaze, body movement, and heart rate, by using methodologies such as head-mounted eye- tracking and an in-house built wireless vest equipped with state-of-the-art sensors in addition to the voice of the mature social partners. Specific Aim 1 (K99) uses an experimental paradigm to manipulate, identify, and link specific acoustic features of heard vocalizations to the autonomic state of infants and to looking duration during active visual exploration of objects in naturalistic play. Specific Aim 2 (R00) will longitudinally measure the development of individual differences in visual attention and object name learning in relation to caregiver vocalizations and their effect on autonomic state. Analyses will examine individual developmental trajectories and the emergence of individual differences in sustained visual attention and name learning in relation to the effects of caregiver vocalization on autonomic state. The proposed research will advance the field by linking the role of in-the-moment measures of caregiver vocalization, to infant gaze and infant autonomic activity to long- term developmental outcomes such as self-regulated attention and learning, providing a potential new path to determining targets for intervention for at-risk infants. In pursuing these research objectives, the applicant will complete a tailored set of scientific and professional development activities that go beyond the applicant’s current training. This will include training in the collection and analysis of large, multimodal, longitudinal data, training in graph theoretic network analysis, and advanced training in the measurement and analysis of sustained attention. Coupled with the applicant’s previous training, this skillset will prepare the applicant to launch an independent research career that is well-grounded in theory, multi-faceted in methodology, interdisciplinary, and with translational implications.