Mommyomics and Babyomics â Effect of Gestational Diabetes on the Developing Infant Microbiome

项目摘要 产妇保健正在成为儿童健康的一个重要的长期决定因素。因此，促进 妇女，特别是孕妇的健康促进儿童的福祉。妊娠的患病率 糖尿病（GDM）一直在稳步增加，目前估计为13%。GDM与 对母亲和孩子都有不良影响。例如，先兆子痫的风险增加， 母亲要剖腹产，孩子要低血糖、智力迟钝和产伤。GDM拥有 也与儿童未来青少年肥胖的风险增加有关。此外， 发现GDM改变了母体微生物组，尽管它影响每个生态位的程度 仍然存在争议。因此，重要的是研究GDM对母体微生物组的影响， 了解GDM在宏基因组水平的影响。此外，由于存在代际差异， 微生物组和微生物组的转移是一个重要的健康决定因素，研究GDM对 婴儿微生物组的获得和发育对于了解口腔疾病的风险至关重要。 在本提案中，假设建立稳定的、个性化的婴儿口腔微生物组 受母体GDM的显著影响，GDM的影响超过简单的垂直传播 由于母亲和婴儿之间有着共同的遗传基因，这将通过结合两个 独立但整合的研究设计，包括全基因组鸟枪测序和菌株解析 比较宏基因组学将使用横断面和纵向研究设计来确定 GDM是否影响口腔微生物组，以确定母体GDM对发育中婴儿的影响 口腔微生物组，并确定垂直传播和GDM的发展的相对属性 婴儿口腔微生物组 这将揭示微生物组在基因水平上的复杂性和功能，随时间的稳定性，以及 对干扰的反应，以及口腔微生物组在多大程度上是一种可遗传的特征，类似于人类 基因组这些发现将对疾病和健康产生重大影响，包括疾病的可能决定因素。 疾病易感性、风险评估和益生元策略的可行性。

Project Summary Maternal health is emerging as a critical long-term determinant of a child’s health. Therefore, promoting the health of women, especially pregnant women, promotes the well-being of children. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been steadily increasing, with current estimates at 13%. GDM is associated with adverse outcomes for both the mother and child. For example, there is an increased risk of pre-eclampsia and cesarean section for the mother and hypoglycemia, mental retardation, and birth trauma for the child. GDM has also been associated with an increased risk of future adolescent obesity for the child. Additionally, it has been found that GDM alters the maternal microbiomes, although the extent to which it impacts each ecological niche remains contested. Therefore, it is important to study the impact of GDM on the maternal microbiome to fully understand the impact of GDM at the metagenomic level. Furthermore, because there is intergenerational transfer of microbiomes and the microbiome is an important health determinant, studying the impact of GDM on the acquisition and development of the infant microbiome is critical to understanding risk for oral diseases. In the present proposal, it is hypothesized that the establishment of a stable, personalized infant oral microbiome is significantly influenced by maternal GDM and that the effects of GDM outweigh simple vertical transmission of the microbiome due to shared genetics between mothers and infants. This will be achieved by combining two independent yet integrated study designs with whole genome shotgun sequencing and strain-resolved comparative metagenomics. Both cross sectional and longitudinal study designs will be used to determine whether GDM impacts the oral microbiome, to determine the impact of maternal GDM on the developing infant oral microbiome, and to determine the relative attributions of vertical transmission and GDM to the developing infant oral microbiome. This will reveal the complexity and function of the microbiome at the gene level, stability over time and in response to perturbations, and to what extent the oral microbiome is a heritable feature, similar to the human genome. These findings will have major implications for disease and health including possible determinants of disease susceptibility, risk assessment and feasibility of strategies for prebiotics.