A SOCIAL-COGNITIVE MODEL OF CHANGE IN ATTACHMENT STYLES

依恋风格变化的社会认知模型

• 批准号: 2460386
• 负责人: CATHERINE COZZARELLI
• 金额: $ 6.83万
• 依托单位: KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2460386
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; dyadic interaction; human subject; interpersonal relations; neural information processing; psychological models; self concept; social model; social perception; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): Recently, social psychologist have used the principle of infant attachment theory to understand romantic relationships in adulthood. One consequence of this approach has been an almost exclusive emphasis on the continuity of attachment styles across the lifespan and a concurrent neglect of the conditions that might promote change or instability in these styles. The research proposed in this grant is designed to further understanding of the mechanisms that underlie stability and change in attachment orientations. In order to achieve this goal, it was proposed that attachment styles be explicity conceptualized as manifestations of two underlying schemas (one concerning the liveability of the self and the second, concerning the trustworthiness of others). Second, it was suggested that the knowledge contained in such schemas can vary in accessibility. Although a subset of individual's attachment-related knowledge may be frequently activated and thus, highly accessible (their "baseline" attachment style), interactions between an individual and his/her environment and/or current romantic partner may prime less-frequently accessed attachment-related knowledge (a "working" attachment style). If activated frequently or continuously, this working attachment style may become highly accessible and may eventually result in a change in an individual's baseline attachment style. Five experiments were proposed to test these ideas. Specifically, in these studies we: (a) propose to develop and validate a continuous measure of the schemas underlying adult attachment classifactions, using response latencies; (b) show that in response to situational factors (e.g., rejection) a working attachment style may be primed; and (c) demonstrate that, once primed this working attachment style will influence perceptions and interpretations of attachment-related events. The studies proposed in this grant are viewed as necessary first steps in a more long-term research program designed to explore the effects of personal factor (e.g., certainty of attachment-related schemas), ongoing social psychological processes (e.g., basic schematic information processing) and situational variables (e.g., characteristics of one's current romantic partner) on stability and change in attachment styles over time. Finally, prior research has demonstrated convincingly that individuals with insecure attachment styles are "at risk" for a host of negative psychological outcomes. The crucial mediator underlying such outcomes is likely to be negative attachment-related schemas. Thus, research aimed at a clear understanding of the factors that promote change in these schemas is a critical antecedent of therapeutic interventions aimed at altering the maladaptive patterns experienced by insecure individuals.

描述（改编自申请人摘要）：最近，社会 心理学家运用婴儿依恋理论的原理， 了解成年后的浪漫关系。 这种方式下 方法一直是一个几乎完全强调的连续性， 在整个生命周期中的依恋风格和同时忽视的 可能促进这些风格的变化或不稳定的条件。 的 本补助金中提出的研究旨在进一步了解 稳定性和依恋取向变化的基础机制。 为了实现这一目标，有人提出，依恋风格是 外显概念化为两个潜在图式的表现（一个 第二，关于自我的可居住性，关于 对他人的信任）。 第二，有人认为， 包含在这样的模式中的内容可以在可访问性方面变化。 虽然一个子集 个体的依恋相关知识可能被频繁地激活 因此，高度可接近（他们的“基线”依恋风格），互动 一个人和他/她的环境和/或当前的浪漫之间 合作伙伴可能会启动不太频繁访问的附件相关知识（a “工作”依恋风格）。 如果频繁或持续激活， 工作依恋风格可能变得非常容易接近，最终可能 导致个体的基线依恋风格的改变。 五 实验被提出来测试这些想法。 具体而言，在这些 我们：（a）建议制定和验证一个持续的措施， 图式潜在的成人依恋分类，使用响应 实验;（B）表明响应于情境因素（例如， 拒绝）一个工作依恋风格可能是启动;和（c）证明 一旦启动这种工作依恋风格， 和对依恋相关事件的解释。 建议的研究 这项拨款被视为更长期研究的必要的第一步 旨在探索个人因素影响的计划（例如，确定性 依恋相关图式），持续的社会心理过程 (e.g.,基本图式信息处理）和情境变量 (e.g.,一个人目前的浪漫伴侣的特点）对稳定性和 随着时间的推移，附件样式会发生变化。 最后，先前的研究已经 令人信服地证明了具有不安全依恋风格的人 有可能导致一系列负面心理后果。 的关键 这种结果背后的中介可能是负面的 附件相关的模式。 因此，研究旨在明确了解 促进这些图式变化的因素是一个关键的前提 旨在改变适应不良模式的治疗干预 不安全的人所经历的。