Evaluation of Occupational Carrying Tasks for Farm Youth

农民青年职业承载任务评价

• 批准号: 6754188
• 负责人: Charles V. Schwab
• 金额: $ 25.55万
• 依托单位: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6754188
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); age difference; agriculture worker; child physical development; clinical research; computer data analysis; data collection methodology /evaluation; educational resource design /development; ergonomics; human subject; injury prevention; joints; middle childhood (6-11); occupational health /safety; posture; spine

DESCRIPTION: (provided by applicant): This project addresses priority areas 7 and 13 of the National Occupational Research Agenda. Injuries to farm children are unique because of the types of tasks involved, the developmental issues regarding the etiology of the injury, and the potentially severe consequences of the injury. Parents often begin to involve their children in agriculture by assigning them farm maintenance and livestock feeding activities because they are deemed safer than the more complex and hazardous operation of tractors and field equipment or having direct contact with livestock. These tasks may require children to carry loads that are proportionally large and/or heavy and are often unilaterally loaded. There are currently no data available to help parents gage the risks associated with these tasks or to identify appropriate carrying procedures or limits based on the developmental level of their children. This project addresses the following research questions: (1) Does a five-gallon bucket (the container most commonly used in agricultural work settings) inappropriately force children to alter posture to accommodate the dimensions of the bucket? (2) Does this postural adjustment adversely affect the loading on upper extremity joints and the spine? (3) Will joint loading be lower using a smaller container (one-gallon) that minimizes postural adjustments? and (4) Will joint loading and postural adjustment be decreased when a load is distributed bilaterally in smaller dimension containers (i.e., carrying a bucket in each hand)? The goal of this project is to investigate potential risk factors for farm children performing occupational carrying tasks to make recommendations regarding the loading (unilateral vs. bilateral) and the container size used for performing these tasks. In support of this goal, the following objectives have been established: (1) recruit subjects (both male and female) representative of rural midwestern farm youth; (2) collect anthropometric, kinematic, and kinetic data from the subjects following stablished experimental protocols; (3) reduce data for further analysis by calculating 3-dimensional segment orientations and joint angles, differentiating the angles to obtain angular velocities and accelerations; (4) combine the kinetic, anthropometric and kinematic information to calculate joint moments, reaction forces and joint powers using a computer model developed previously in the Iowa State Biomechanics Laboratory; (5) analyze joint moments and powers for carrying tasks using a large and small container with unilateral loading, and using small containers with bilateral loading; (6) develop recommendations addressing the loading condition and the container size for ccupational carrying tasks performed by youth; (7) develop educational materials and curriculum based on the recommendations targeting farm parents, farm youth, and safety educators; and (8) disseminate the results of the project.

描述：（由申请人提供）：本项目涉及国家职业研究议程的优先区域7和13。 由于涉及的任务类型，有关伤害病因的发展问题以及受伤的潜在严重后果，对农场儿童的伤害是独一无二的。父母经常开始通过分配农业维护和牲畜喂养活动来使他们的孩子参与农业，因为他们认为他们比拖拉机和现场设备的更复杂和更危险的操作更安全，或者与牲畜直接接触。这些任务可能要求儿童承担按比例大和/或重型且经常单方面负载的负载。目前尚无可用的数据来帮助父母对这些任务相关的风险或根据孩子的发育水平确定适当的携带程序或限制。该项目解决了以下研究问题：（1）五加仑的水桶（农业工作环境中最常用的容器）是否不适当地迫使儿童改变姿势以适应水桶的尺寸？ （2）这种姿势调节是否会对上肢和脊柱上的负载产生不利影响？ （3）使用较小的容器（一加仑），关节载荷会降低，从而最大程度地减少姿势调节？ （4）当载荷在较小的尺寸容器中分配（即，每只手携带一个桶）时，关节负荷和姿势调整是否会减少？ 该项目的目的是调查执行职业携带任务的农场儿童的潜在风险因素，以提出有关负载（单侧与双边）的建议以及用于执行这些任务的容器尺寸。为了支持这一目标，已经建立了以下目标：（1）招募中西部农村农村青年代表的臣民（男性和女性）； （2）从稳固的实验方案后，从受试者中收集人体测量学，运动学和动力学数据； （3）通过计算三维段方向和关节角度来减少数据以进行进一步分析，从而区分角度以获得角速度和加速度； （4）使用以前在爱荷华州生物力学实验室中开发的计算机模型来结合动力学，人体测量和运动学信息，以计算关节力矩，反应力和关节功率； （5）分析使用单侧负载的大小容器，并使用带有双侧负荷的小容器来携带任务的关节矩和功率； （6）制定针对年轻人执行的载荷载荷条件和容器尺寸的建议； （7）根据针对农场父母，农场青年和安全教育者的建议开发教育材料和课程； （8）传播项目的结果。