Genetic and Environmental Influences on Individual Sweet Preference Across Ancestry Groups in the U.S.

遗传和环境对美国不同血统群体个体甜味偏好的影响

• 批准号: 10709381
• 负责人: May Meiyu Cheung
• 金额: $ 19.63万
• 依托单位: BROOKLYN COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-15 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10709381
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Affect; Africa; African; African ancestry; Alleles; Area; Asian ancestry; Asian population; Award; Beverages; Biomedical Research; Birth; Black Populations; Chronic Disease; Cities; Conduct Clinical Trials; Consumption; Data; Data Set; Diet; Eating; Eligibility Determination; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; European ancestry; Exposure to; Faculty; Food; Food Habits; Food Preferences; Frequencies; Gene Frequency; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Research; Goals; Health; Healthy Eating; Human; Immigrant; Individual; Individual Adjustment; Individual Differences; Intake; Intervention; Investigation; Linear Regressions; Measures; Methods; Modeling; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Native-Born; New York; Not Hispanic or Latino; Nutritional; Nutritional Science; Obesity; Participant; Perception; Persons; Phenotype; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Positioning Attribute; Postdoctoral Fellow; Psychophysics; Questionnaires; Recommendation; Research; Research Personnel; Science; Sensory; Single Nucleotide Polymorphism; Students; Surveys; Testing; Time; Underrepresented Populations; Underserved Population; United States; Universities; Work; biobank; college; cost; cost efficient; ethnic diversity; food environment; genome wide association study; health disparity; hedonic; improved; indexing; member; nutrition; obesogenic; personalized strategies; pleasure; polygenic risk score; preference; racial diversity; response; student participation; student training; sugar; undergraduate student

Overconsumption of sugar is associated with obesity and related chronic disease, which in turn cost ~300,000 lives and ~$546 billion annually in the United States alone. Leading health agencies recommend reducing intake of added sugars, but pleasure from sweetness may hinder the effort to achieve this goal. A person’s preference for sweetness is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and therefore, understanding these factors is a key step towards devising personalized strategies to reduce sugar consumption. While several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified to be associated with sweet preference within individuals of European ancestry, whether result can be generalizable to other populations warrants further investigation. Furthermore, individuals from the same ancestry group but exposed to different environmental factors may also differ in sweet preferences. The first aim of this study (n = 428) will determine the differences in sweet-related genes in two traditionally underrepresented ancestry groups in genetic research, the non-Hispanic African and non-Hispanic Asian ancestry groups living in the U.S. We focus on these groups because they have the highest and the lowest added sugars intake, respectively. We aim to assess the differences in allele frequencies and effects of sweet-related genes on sweet preference in these two groups. We hypothesize that the African group will have higher frequencies of sweet-related alleles and stronger associations between the alleles and sweet preference compared to the Asian group. The second aim will focus on understanding the effect of environment on sweet preference. The influence of environment on sweet preference may be more apparent between individuals who were born in the U.S. (exposed to the food environment in the U.S. since birth) and immigrants (exposed to different food environments). Immigrants may retain traditional food habits and practices and therefore are less prone to the obesogenic food environment in the U.S. We will compare the difference in sweet preference between individuals who are native-born vs. immigrants within the same group of participants from Aim 1, adjusting for individual sweet intake. We expect to see a lower sweet preference in immigrants compared to their U.S.-born counterparts of the same ancestry group. The overall goal for this proposal is to understand the interactions between genetics and environmental factors on sweet perception and human food preferences, thereby aligns with the NIDCD strategic goal to understand how genes and environment affect food preferences. This study will be conducted at the City University of New York – Brooklyn College, a racial/ethnically diverse university with 79% of the entering undergraduate population eligible for federate or New York state financial aid. If awarded, the support I receive from this project will afford me the opportunity to train students who are traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research. As a new faculty, this opportunity will aid my transition from a postdoctoral fellow to becoming an independent researcher and position me to becoming a leader in the sensory nutrition field.

过度食用糖与肥胖和相关慢性疾病有关，这反过来又花费了30万美元。 每年仅在美国就有5460亿美元。主要卫生机构建议减少 摄入添加的糖，但从甜味的乐趣可能会阻碍实现这一目标的努力。一个人的 对甜味的偏好由遗传和环境因素决定，因此， 了解这些因素是设计个性化降糖策略的关键一步 消费虽然几个单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）已被确定为相关的 在欧洲血统的个体中具有甜味偏好，结果是否可以推广到其他人 人口需要进一步调查。此外，来自同一祖先群体但暴露于 不同的环境因素也可能在甜味偏好上有所不同。本研究的第一个目的（n = 428）将 确定两个传统上代表性不足的祖先群体中甜味相关基因的差异 基因研究，非西班牙裔非洲人和非西班牙裔亚洲人的祖先群体生活在美国，我们专注于 因为他们分别有最高和最低的添加糖摄入量。我们的目标是 评估等位基因频率的差异以及甜味相关基因对这些人甜味偏好的影响。 两组我们假设非洲人群中与甜味相关的等位基因频率更高， 与亚洲人群相比，等位基因与甜食偏好之间的关联更强。第二个目的 将着重于了解环境对甜食偏好的影响。环境对 在美国出生的人对甜食的偏好可能更明显 美国的饮食环境（自出生以来）和移民（暴露于不同的食物环境）。移民可能 保持传统的饮食习惯和做法，因此不太容易受到致肥胖的食物环境的影响， 我们将比较在美国出生的人与在美国出生的人在甜食偏好上的差异。 目标1中同一组参与者中的移民，调整个人甜食摄入量。我们预计 看到移民对甜食的偏好比美国低，出生在同一祖先的对应物 组这项提案的总体目标是了解遗传学和环境之间的相互作用。 甜味感知和人类食物偏好的因素，从而符合NIDCD的战略目标， 了解基因和环境如何影响食物偏好。这项研究将在市 纽约大学-布鲁克林学院，一所种族/民族多元化的大学，79%的入学率 符合联邦或纽约州财政援助资格的本科生人口。如果被授予，我得到的支持 从这个项目将使我有机会培训学生谁是传统上代表性不足， 生物医学研究作为一名新教师，这个机会将有助于我从博士后过渡到 成为一名独立的研究人员，并使我成为感官营养领域的领导者。