Scene Analysis and Cross-Modal Interactions

场景分析和跨模式交互

• 批准号: 6725879
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER B BRAUN
• 金额: $ 5.86万
• 依托单位: HUNTER COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6725879
• 关键词: auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; biological models; goldfish; labyrinth; lateral line; model design /development; psychophysiology; sensory mechanism; sensory signal detection; sound perception; stimulus /response

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Scene analysis, or the mental parcellation of complex sensory input into representations of external objects, is the central task of any sensory system. Sensory stimuli can only inform behavior if the nervous system can distinguish between irrelevant background noise and important stimulus sources, and each source must be distinguished both from noise and from other possibly relevant sources. The goal of research in sensory science is to explain how this task is accomplished and to identify stimuli that allow an animal to direct appropriate behaviors. The present study addresses this problem for two important detectors of vibratory stimuli -- the inner ear and the closely related lateral line system of fishes. Unlike the majority of existing studies of these systems, which have been performed against a quiet background, this proposal measures the ability to detect spatially discrete signals and discriminate source location in both quiet and noisy settings. The mammalian sense of hearing (in air) relies only on the detection of pressure fluctuations, but for most aquatic animals, the sensory systems that detect vibratory sources provide information not only about the propagating pressure wave, but also two other aspects of the sound field surrounding a vibratory source: The acceleration detected by inertial sensors of the inner ear; and the pattern of water motions detected by the lateral line. Thus each of these sensors responds to the same stimuli, but detects different physical aspects of the stimulus. This study will test the importance of multisensory interaction in the perception of the natural environment, focusing on how each sensory channel contributes to a perception of source location. This proposal will also develop the octavolateralis system (hearing and lateral line senses) as a model of multisensory complementation, much like human touch relies on complementation between texture, pressure, and vibration sensory channels. Multisensory processing is ubiquitous and one important feature of our experimental approach is the use of natural stimuli (vibratory dipoles) that are more effective than loudspeakers for stimulating multiple hearing-related submodalities. An improved understanding of how multiple sensory systems combine to create unitary percepts will lead to better rehabilitation strategies following partial sensory loss.

描述（由申请人提供）：场景分析，或将复杂的感官输入在心理上分解为外部物体的表征，是任何感官系统的中心任务。只有当神经系统能够区分无关的背景噪音和重要的刺激源时，感觉刺激才能通知行为，并且每个刺激源必须与噪音和其他可能相关的来源区分开来。感官科学研究的目标是解释这一任务是如何完成的，并确定允许动物指导适当行为的刺激。目前的研究解决了两个重要的振动刺激探测器——鱼类的内耳和密切相关的侧线系统——的问题。与大多数现有的这些系统的研究不同，这些研究是在安静的背景下进行的，该提案测量了在安静和嘈杂环境下检测空间离散信号和区分源位置的能力。哺乳动物（在空气中）的听觉仅依赖于对压力波动的检测，但对于大多数水生动物来说，检测振动源的感觉系统不仅提供有关传播压力波的信息，还提供围绕振动源的声场的其他两个方面的信息：内耳惯性传感器检测到的加速度；以及侧线探测到的水流运动模式。因此，这些传感器中的每一个都对相同的刺激做出反应，但检测到刺激的不同物理方面。本研究将测试多感官相互作用在自然环境感知中的重要性，重点关注每个感官通道如何有助于对源位置的感知。该提案还将发展八侧神经系统（听觉和侧线感官）作为多感官互补的模型，就像人类的触觉依赖于纹理、压力和振动感官通道之间的互补一样。多感觉处理是普遍存在的，我们实验方法的一个重要特征是使用自然刺激（振动偶极子），它比扬声器更有效地刺激多种与听力相关的亚模态。对多个感觉系统如何结合以产生统一感知的更好理解将导致部分感觉丧失后更好的康复策略。