Perception of Space by the Octavolateralis System: Sub-modality Interactions

八侧肌系统对空间的感知：子模态交互

• 批准号: 7219478
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER B BRAUN
• 金额: $ 8.35万
• 依托单位: HUNTER COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7219478
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; goldfish; hearing; lateral line; psychoacoustics; sensory discrimination; sensory signal detection; space perception; vibration perception

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Sensory systems are continually challenged by the task of recognizing sources within a background of ambient noise. Research in sensory science should explain how this task is accomplished and identify stimuli that allow an animal to direct appropriate behaviors. The present study addresses this problem for two important detectors of vibratory sources--the inner ear and the closely related lateral line system of fishes. These closely related systems are proposed as a model of multi-sensory processing, for while the mammalian sense of hearing (in air) relies only on the detection of pressure fluctuations, most aquatic animals use multiple sensors to detect vibratory sources. These multiple systems provide information not only about the propagating pressure wave, but also two other aspects of the sound field surrounding a vibratory source: The acceleration field detected by inertial sensors of the inner ear; and the pattern of water motions detected by the lateral line. Thus each of these sensors responds to the same stimuli, but detects different physical aspects of the stimulus, and each has unique transduction mechanisms (the ways stimulus energy is transformed to neural activity). This study test hypotheses of how transduction mechanisms dictate the relevant aspect of the stimulus, which will increase our understanding of the biophysics of stimulus transduction in auditory systems. Further, this study will determine the ways in which multiple sensory systems are brought to bear in the perception of the natural environment. Unlike the majority of existing studies of these systems, which have been performed against a quiet background, this proposal measures the ability to detect spatially discrete signals and discriminate source location in both quiet and noisy settings. Another important feature of our experimental approach is the use of natural stimuli (vibratory dipoles rather than loudspeakers) that are effective for multiple hearing-related submodalities. This study is aimed at documenting and testing the ways multiple sensory systems combine to create unitary percepts in real-world situations. This research is important for the development of rehabilitation strategies following partial sensory loss and for the development of better sensory prostheses and automated sensors.

描述（由申请人提供）：感觉系统不断受到以下任务的挑战： 识别环境噪音背景中的来源。感官科学研究应该解释这项任务是如何完成的，并识别允许动物引导适当行为的刺激。本研究针对两个重要的振动源探测器——内耳和密切相关的鱼类侧线系统——解决了这个问题。这些密切相关的系统被提议作为多感官处理的模型，因为虽然哺乳动物的听觉（在空气中）仅依赖于压力波动的检测，但大多数水生动物使用多个传感器来检测振动源。这些多个系统不仅提供有关传播压力波的信息，还提供振动源周围声场的其他两个方面的信息：内耳惯性传感器检测到的加速度场；以及侧线检测到的水运动模式。因此，这些传感器中的每一个都对相同的刺激做出反应，但检测刺激的不同物理方面，并且每个传感器都有独特的转导机制（刺激能量转化为神经活动的方式）。这项研究测试了转导机制如何决定刺激相关方面的假设，这将增加我们对听觉系统中刺激转导的生物物理学的理解。此外，这项研究将确定多种感觉系统在感知自然环境中发挥作用的方式。与这些系统的大多数现有研究（这些系统是在安静背景下进行的）不同，该提案测量了在安静和嘈杂环境中检测空间离散信号和区分源位置的能力。我们的实验方法的另一个重要特征是使用自然刺激（振动偶极子而不是扬声器），这对多种与听力相关的子模态有效。这项研究旨在记录和测试多个感官系统结合起来在现实世界中创建统一感知的方式。这项研究对于制定部分感觉丧失后的康复策略以及开发更好的感觉假体和自动化传感器非常重要。