Boost'em in the Back Seat: A Safe Ride Program

机动车碰撞是1至14岁儿童死亡的主要原因。乘坐安全带定位助推器座椅时，4岁至7岁儿童的机动车撞伤几率比单独使用安全带时低59%，后排座椅可将儿童机动车乘客的死亡风险降低高达46%。尽管有这些事实，90%的助产士年龄的儿童过早地毕业于成人安全带 30%的儿童被允许乘坐车辆的前排座位。拟议的项目将开发和评估一个有效的程序，通过与社区学前班和日托计划的伙伴关系，向大量家长传播关于婴儿座椅和后排座椅的预防信息。对其他健康话题的大量研究表明，说服性和风险沟通策略比传统信息更有可能激励人们采取保护性行为。目前的研究将扩大 在此前提下，开发一段新的五分钟视频，根据这种有效的风险沟通指导原则来框定。具体地说，视频将包括碰撞测试片段，描绘撞击力的力量，并通过生动的图像唤起高涨的情感。众所周知，这种沟通策略可以最大限度地促进行为变化；然而，文献表明，这种方法尚未被用于儿童乘客安全规划。基于视频的计划的有效性将在两个大型和 有代表性的学前教育/日托项目，使用两个相似的控制点进行比较。该计划将利用社区联盟的帮助，并将包括对参与的学前教育/日托工作人员的激励。作为评估进程的一部分，照顾者将完成：(A)关于后座和加速器座椅使用情况的事后知识和做法调查，以及(B)与儿童机动车危险有关的事后风险评估。此外，研究人员将在计划实施前、期间和之后观察学龄前停车场中助推器座椅和后排座椅的使用情况。据推测，接触到基于视频节目的家庭， 与对照学校的学生相比，他们将(A)更多地了解受伤原因以及使用后排座椅和后排座椅的原因；(B)对个人风险进行更现实的评估；(C)在适合年龄的情况下更多地使用后排座椅和后排座椅。如果有效，该计划的长期目标是将其打包 供全区采用和广泛传播。

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for children from 1 to 14 years of age. The odds of motor vehicle crash injury to children aged 4 to 7 are 59% lower when riding in belt-positioning booster seats than when riding in safety belts alone, and rear seating can reduce the risk of death to child motor vehicle passengers by as much as 46%. Despite these facts, 90% of booster-age children are prematurely graduated to adult safety belts and 30% of children are permitted to ride in the front seats of vehicles. The proposed project will develop and evaluate an efficient process for disseminating preventive messages regarding booster-seats and rear seating to large numbers of parents via partnership with community preschool and daycare programs. Considerable research on other health topics indicates that persuasive and risk communication tactics have a greater likelihood of motivating the adoption of protective behaviors than do traditional messages. The current research will expand upon this premise by developing a novel five-minute video that is framed according to such efficacious risk communication guidelines. Specifically, the video will include crash test footage, portraying the power of crash forces and evoking high emotion by means of vivid imaging. Such communication tactics are known to motivate maximum behavioral change; however, the literature indicates that this method has not yet been employed in child passenger safety programming. The effectiveness of the video-based program will be piloted at two large and representative preschool/daycare programs, using two similar control sites for comparison. The program will engage the assistance of community-based coalitions and will include incentives for participating preschool/daycare staff. As part of the evaluativeprocess, caregivers will complete (a) pre-post knowledge and practice surveys regarding back-seat and booster-seat use and (b) pre-post risk estimations related to childhood motor vehicle hazards. In addition, researchers will observe booster seat and rear seat use in preschool parking lots before, during, and after program implementation. It is hypothesized that families exposed to the video-based program, compared to those in the control schools, will have (a) increased knowledge about causes of injury and reasons for booster seat and rear seat use; (b) a more realistic assessment of personal risk; and (c) greater use of booster seats and rear vehicle seats when age-appropriate. Long-term goals for the program, if effective, are to package it for district-wide adoption and broad-scale dissemination.