Concepts and Theories in Human Development
人类发展的概念和理论
基本信息
- 批准号:7039195
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 19.84万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:1998
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1998-09-30 至 2008-04-30
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): How do children organize their knowledge about the world? Recently there has been a shift in the treatment of concepts, from traditional views assuming that concepts can be characterized by superficial features, to "theory" views treating concepts as embedded in commonsense explanatory frameworks. The finding that children's concepts are tied to theories is especially striking, as it runs counter to a previously widely accepted view of children's concepts as "perceptually bound." In contrast, preschoolers expect category members to share nonobvious similarities, even in the face of salient perceptual dissimilarities, and judge non-visible internal parts to be especially crucial to the identity and functioning of an item. In a sense, very young children act as if members of a category share an underlying "essence". In the prior funding period, my collaborators and I addressed three goals: (1) We charted how essentialist beliefs are expressed in natural language by young children (ages 2-4 years), and how natural language expressions of essentialism are interpreted by young children. Specifically, this work focused on generic noun phrases as a vital means of essentialist expression. (2) We examined how concepts are influenced by two core essentialist components: unobservable causes and ontologies. (3) We sought to reconcile essentialism with the traditional view of children as focused on perceptual aspects of the world, by clarifying the conditions that lead to different profiles of performance. The competing renewal builds on the past work by examining the mechanisms by which generic language links to categorization and essentialist reasoning. Specifically, I address three focal issues: the conceptual implications of generic language during childhood. how generics are expressed and understood across structurally distinct languages and different cultural contexts. the links between generic concepts and essentialist beliefs (including nativism, causal reasoning, and inductive reasoning). The proposed research uses naturalistic language analyses and experimental studies with children 3-10 years of age to address these questions. Specifically, the proposal has three aims: Part 1 charts how generic language influences children's category formation, memory, and reasoning. Part 2 examines the use and comprehension of generic language in two languages that are structurally very different from one another and from English (Quechua and Spanish). Part 3 examines how the distinction between generic kinds and other sorts of categories reflects and influences children's essentialist reasoning. Altogether, these 27 studies will provide converging and precise evidence regarding the links among concepts, language, and theory construction in early childhood.
描述(由申请者提供):孩子们如何组织他们对世界的知识?最近,对概念的处理发生了转变,从传统的认为概念可以由表面特征来表征的观点,转变为将概念视为嵌入常识解释框架的“理论”观点。儿童的概念与理论联系在一起,这一发现尤其令人震惊,因为这与之前被广泛接受的儿童概念是“感知受限”的观点背道而驰。相比之下,学龄前儿童希望类别成员有不明显的相似之处,即使面对显著的知觉差异,并判断不可见的内部部分对物品的身份和功能尤为关键。在某种意义上,非常年幼的儿童表现得好像某个类别的成员共享一个潜在的“本质”。在之前的资助期间,我和我的合作者提出了三个目标:(1)我们绘制了幼儿(2-4岁)如何用自然语言表达本质主义信念,以及幼儿如何解释本质主义的自然语言表达。具体地说,这项工作侧重于将通用名词短语作为本质主义表达的重要手段。(2)我们考察了概念如何受到两个核心本质主义成分的影响:不可观察的原因和本体论。(3)通过澄清导致不同表现的条件,我们试图调和本质主义与儿童的传统观点,即专注于世界的感性方面。这种竞争性的更新建立在过去工作的基础上,通过检查类属语言与分类和本质主义推理的联系的机制。具体地说,我讨论了三个重点问题:儿童时期通用语言的概念含义。如何在结构不同的语言和不同的文化背景下表达和理解泛型。一般概念和本质主义信仰(包括本土主义、因果推理和归纳推理)之间的联系。这项研究通过对3-10岁儿童的自然语言分析和实验研究来解决这些问题。具体地说,该建议有三个目标:第一部分绘制了类属语言如何影响儿童的类别形成、记忆和推理。第2部分考察了两种在结构上截然不同的语言以及英语(克丘亚语和西班牙语)中对通用语言的使用和理解。第三部分考察了类属类别与其他类别之间的区别如何反映和影响儿童的本质主义推理。总而言之,这27项研究将为儿童早期概念、语言和理论构建之间的联系提供集中和准确的证据。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}
{{ item.title }}
- 作者:
{{ item.author }}
数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}
Susan A. Gelman其他文献
Messages implicites ou explicites dans les conversations sur le genre entre mère et enfant
在母亲和孩子之间的流派对话中隐含或明确的消息
- DOI:
10.3917/enf.583.0223 - 发表时间:
2006 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.2
- 作者:
Susan A. Gelman;Marianne G. Taylor;S. Nguyen - 通讯作者:
S. Nguyen
El aprendizaje de los conceptos genéricos entre niños quechuahablantes monolingües
克丘亚哈布兰特单语中的通用概念的预判
- DOI:
10.4000/bifea.4132 - 发表时间:
2013 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
Bruce Mannheim;Susan A. Gelman - 通讯作者:
Susan A. Gelman
The persuasive role of generic-you in online interactions
- DOI:
10.1038/s41598-024-83440-1 - 发表时间:
2025-01-08 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:3.900
- 作者:
Minxue Niu;Emily Mower Provost;David Jurgens;Susan A. Gelman;Ethan Kross;Ariana Orvell - 通讯作者:
Ariana Orvell
How generic language shapes the development of social thought
通用语言如何塑造社会思想的发展
- DOI:
10.1016/j.tics.2024.09.012 - 发表时间:
2025-02-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:17.200
- 作者:
Marjorie Rhodes;Susan A. Gelman;Sarah-Jane Leslie - 通讯作者:
Sarah-Jane Leslie
What we would (but shouldn't) do for those we love: Universalism versus partiality in responding to others' moral transgressions
- DOI:
10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104886 - 发表时间:
2021-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Laura K. Soter;Martha K. Berg;Susan A. Gelman;Ethan Kross - 通讯作者:
Ethan Kross
Susan A. Gelman的其他文献
{{
item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
- DOI:
{{ item.doi }} - 发表时间:
{{ item.publish_year }} - 期刊:
- 影响因子:{{ item.factor }}
- 作者:
{{ item.authors }} - 通讯作者:
{{ item.author }}
{{ truncateString('Susan A. Gelman', 18)}}的其他基金
相似海外基金
Computational and neural signatures of interoceptive learning in anorexia nervosa
神经性厌食症内感受学习的计算和神经特征
- 批准号:
10824044 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Implementation of Innovative Treatment for Moral Injury Syndrome: A Hybrid Type 2 Study
道德伤害综合症创新治疗的实施:2 型混合研究
- 批准号:
10752930 - 财政年份:2024
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Reducing stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of nursing students in simulated clinical visits of patients living with HIV in Iran
在伊朗艾滋病毒感染者的模拟临床就诊中减少护生的污名化态度和行为
- 批准号:
10542953 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Evaluating Policy Solutions Aimed at Improving Hospice Care Access in Rural Areas
评估旨在改善农村地区临终关怀服务的政策解决方案
- 批准号:
10555012 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Decision Regarding Aspiration, Belief, and Social Economic Status in Education and Job Market
关于教育和就业市场的愿望、信仰和社会经济地位的决定
- 批准号:
2858422 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Studentship
Relationships Between Pain-Related Psychological Factors, Gait Quality, and Attention in Chronic Low Back Pain
慢性腰痛中疼痛相关心理因素、步态质量和注意力之间的关系
- 批准号:
10679189 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Storytelling for Reducing Gap in AC Use in African Americans with Atrial Fibrillation
讲故事以减少患有心房颤动的非洲裔美国人使用交流电的差距
- 批准号:
10667019 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别:
Understanding the Impact of Vaping Prevention Ads on Adolescents and Young Adults
了解电子烟预防广告对青少年和年轻人的影响
- 批准号:
10665870 - 财政年份:2023
- 资助金额:
$ 19.84万 - 项目类别: