Optical stimulation of neural tissue

神经组织的光刺激

• 批准号: 7263998
• 负责人: E. DUCO JANSEN
• 金额: $ 32.93万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7263998
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Acute; Animal Model; Animals; Applications Grants; Area; Axon; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Calcium; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cell membrane; Classification; Clinical; Collaborations; Comparative Study; Consensus; Diagnostic; Dyes; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Electrophysiology (science); Energy-Generating Resources; Environment; Fiber Optics; Future; Galago Genus; Goals; Grant; Harvest; Histologic; Histology; Human; Image; In Vitro; Integral Membrane Protein; Ion Channel; Laboratories; Lasers; Lead; Letters; Light; Mammals; Maps; Measurement; Mechanics; Medical; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Morphologic artifacts; Motor; Motor Cortex; Nerve; Nervous system structure; Neural Conduction; Neuraxis; Neurons; Neurosciences; Neurosurgeon; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Patients; Peripheral; Peripheral Nerve Stimulation; Peripheral Nerves; Peripheral Nervous System; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Population; Preparation; Primates; Procedures; Process; Prosimii; Publishing; Pulse taking; Rattus; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Rhizotomy procedure; Safety; Series; Slice; Specificity; Techniques; Technology; Temperature; Therapeutic; Time; Tissues; Validation; Work; authority; base; channel blockers; clinical application; day; design; electric field; experience; human study; in vivo; indium arsenide; infancy; median nerve; neural stimulation; neurophysiology; neurosurgery; neurotechnology; novel; novel strategies; patch clamp; preclinical study; pressure; prevent; programs; relating to nervous system; research and development; research study; response; sciatic nerve; sensorimotor system; size; success; technology development; tissue culture; voltage

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neural stimulation is an essential method both in fundamental neurophysiological studies as well as in a number of clinical applications. While significant advances have been made in electrode design and stimulation approaches since the early days of electrical neural stimulation, the method is fundamentally unchanged and limited. This proposal presents a new paradigm to in vivo neural activation based on pulsed infrared light. Optical stimulation provides a contact-free, spatially selective, artifact-free method without incurring tissue damage that may have significant advantages over electrical methods for many diagnostic and therapeutic clinical applications. This technology development proposal in response to PA-04-006 (Neurotechnology research, development, and enhancement) is directed towards the optimization of this novel approach for peripheral as well as cortical neural activation. The proposal is designed to determine the physical and physiological basis for this novel neurotechnology as well as assess its potential for in vivo application. Towards this, we hypothesize that 1) pulsed laser light can be used to stimulate discrete populations of neural cells resulting in artifact free, spatially specific action potentials; 2) optical stimulation can be accomplished without causing damage to the neural tissue; and 3) the mechanism of this effect is a thermo-mechanical process resulting in activation of ion channels of neural cell membranes by releasing intracellular calcium. The specific aims of this proposal have been designed in a systematic manner to evaluate and assess safety, efficacy and mechanism of optical stimulation in direct comparison with electrical stimulation in peripheral as well as the central nervous system (motor cortex). To accomplish these goals, the specific aims are: Specific Aim (1): Evaluate laser parameters for effective and safe stimulation of peripheral nerves. Specific Aim (2): Determine the physiological and physical mechanisms of optical neural stimulation. Specific Aim (3): Assess and identify the laser parameters for effective and safe stimulation of cortical neural tissue. Specific Aim (4): Compare spatial specificity and efficacy of optical stimulation to electrical methods for the functional mapping of the motor cortex. Specific Aim (5): Demonstrate clinical safety and efficacy of optical neural stimulation in humans. By the end of the proposed period of the grant application, we will have arrived at a general consensus for the basis of optical neural stimulation, optimized laser parameters for optical nerve stimulation, determined limits of spatial resolution and shown the safety and efficacy of this method for peripheral nerve as well as cortical stimulation in animals as well as in early human preclinical trials.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经刺激是基础神经生理学研究以及许多临床应用中的重要方法。尽管自电神经刺激的早期以来，电极设计和刺激方法已经取得了重大进展，但该方法从根本上没有改变且受到限制。该提案提出了基于脉冲红外光的体内神经激活的新范例。光学刺激提供了一种无接触、空间选择性、无伪影的方法，不会引起组织损伤，在许多诊断和治疗临床应用中，光学刺激可能比电方法具有显着的优势。这项技术开发提案是为了响应 PA-04-006（神经技术研究、开发和增强），旨在优化这种用于外周和皮质神经激活的新颖方法。该提案旨在确定这种新型神经技术的物理和生理基础，并评估其体内应用的潜力。为此，我们假设 1) 脉冲激光可用于刺激离散的神经细胞群，从而产生无伪影、空间特定的动作电位； 2）可以在不造成神经组织损伤的情况下完成光刺激； 3）这种效应的机制是热机械过程，通过释放细胞内钙来激活神经细胞膜的离子通道。该提案的具体目标是以系统的方式设计的，旨在与外周和中枢神经系统（运动皮层）的电刺激直接比较，评估和评估光刺激的安全性、有效性和机制。为了实现这些目标，具体目标是： 具体目标 (1)：评估激光参数，以有效、安全地刺激周围神经。具体目标（2）：确定光学神经刺激的生理和物理机制。具体目标 (3)：评估和确定激光参数，以有效、安全地刺激皮质神经组织。具体目标 (4)：比较光刺激与电方法的空间特异性和功效，以绘制运动皮层的功能图。具体目标 (5)：证明光学神经刺激对人类的临床安全性和有效性。在资助申请的拟议期限结束时，我们将就光学神经刺激的基础、优化光学神经刺激的激光参数、确定空间分辨率的限制达成普遍共识，并证明该方法对于动物周围神经和皮质刺激以及早期人类临床前试验的安全性和有效性。