Identifying mechanisms of maternal-infant obesity risk transmission: The role of appetite, sleep, and circadian rhythms

项目摘要/摘要 出生第一年的体重增加模式是长期心脏代谢健康的关键风险因素 从婴儿期到成年期。婴儿肥胖风险受前3个月的食欲特征影响。这些 食欲特征，食物响应度(FR)和饱腹感响应度(SR)，反映了食物的方法和 回避行为。然而，人们对影响FR和SR发展的因素知之甚少 在婴儿期，这可能为肥胖风险提供新的、有效的行为干预措施。新兴数据 表明睡眠和昼夜节律与儿童和成人的食欲有关，尽管知之甚少 关于睡眠和昼夜节律如何与婴儿的食欲发育有关。我们假定这部小说 假设婴儿的睡眠/昼夜节律模式影响婴儿的食欲，并共同影响婴儿的 肥胖风险。我们还假设母婴昼夜节律之间的同步度 进一步影响婴儿的食欲发育和肥胖风险。在拟议的研究中，怀孕的个体 (n=230，体重指数≥18.5 kg/m2)将在他们怀孕的第三个月招募。我们承认，不是所有人 生育的人被认为是女性或女性。我们用术语“孕妇”、“产后妇女” “产妇”和“母亲”在本应用程序中指的是所有分娩的人。母婴睡眠和 昼夜节律(集中在休息-活动节律和夜间进食)，以及婴儿的食欲和 出生后1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月时，将通过客观和主观方法评估体重。因此，要 确定对婴儿体重轨迹的潜在可修改影响，具体目标是：(1)确定 婴儿睡眠/昼夜节律对前6名婴儿食欲发育的同时和预测作用 (2)确定早期婴儿食欲和睡眠/昼夜节律紊乱的综合影响 头6个月婴儿体重快速增加和12个月婴儿体重结果；及(3)探讨 静息活动节律的母婴同步性在婴儿睡眠/昼夜节律模型中的作用 食欲预测婴儿体重。这项建议解决了关于睡眠、昼夜节律的引人注目的问题 节律，以及在NHLBI战略愿景和NIH战略计划中确定的肥胖。值得注意的是，与 卡茨早期研究员研究资助计划，这项提议涉及到在 Pi的研究方向：(1)新人口(从母亲迁移到婴儿)；(2)新方法(从 自我报告到客观评估和二元指标)；和(3)新的潜在治疗目标(从 与饮食有关的睡眠指标/昼夜节律和母婴同步)。私刑与侦查 团队具有内容和方法方面的专业知识，可确保成功实施提议的 研究。根据美国国立卫生研究院行为改变干预科学开发管道，来自以下方面的数据 研究将为昼夜节律指导的母婴行为干预的目标和时机提供信息 和婴儿食欲发展，以降低肥胖风险和促进代际心脏代谢健康。

Project Summary/Abstract Weight gain patterns during the first year of life are a critical risk factor for long-term cardiometabolic health from infancy through adulthood. Infant obesity risk is influenced by appetitive traits in the first 3 months. These appetitive traits, food responsiveness (FR) and satiety responsiveness (SR), reflect food approach and avoidance behaviors, respectively. However, little is known about factors that affect FR and SR development during infancy, which may inform novel, effective behavioral interventions for obesity risk. Emerging data indicate that sleep and circadian rhythms are related to appetite in children and adults, although little is known about how sleep and circadian rhythms are associated with appetite development in infants. We posit the novel hypothesis that infant sleep/circadian rhythm patterns affect infants’ appetite, and together, they impact infants’ obesity risk. We also posit that the degree of synchronization between maternal and infant circadian rhythms further affects infant appetite development and obesity risk. In the proposed study, pregnant individuals (N=230, body mass index ≥18.5 kg/m2) will be recruited in their third trimester. We acknowledge that not all who give birth identify as women or females. We use the terms "pregnant women," "postpartum women," “maternal,” and "mothers" to refer to all birthing people throughout this application. Maternal-infant sleep and circadian rhythms (focused on rest-activity rhythms and nighttime feeding), along with infant appetite and weight, will be assessed via objective and subjective methods at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months after birth. Thus, to identify potentially modifiable influences on infant weight trajectory, the specific aims are to: (1) determine the concurrent and predictive effects of infant sleep/circadian rhythms on infant appetite development in the first 6 months of life; (2) identify the combined effects of early infant appetite and disrupted sleep/circadian rhythms on rapid infant weight gain in the first 6 months and infant weight outcomes at 12-months; and (3) explore the role of maternal-infant synchronization of rest-activity rhythms in the models of infant sleep/circadian rhythms and appetite predicting infant weight. This proposal addresses compelling questions about sleep, circadian rhythms, and obesity identified in the NHLBI Strategic Vision and NIH Strategic Plan. Notably, in alignment with the Katz Early Stage Investigator Research Grant Program, this proposal involves innovative changes in the PI’s research direction: (1) new population (moving from mothers to infants); (2) new methods (moving from self-report to objective assessment and dyadic metrics); and (3) new potential therapeutic targets (moving from eating-related targets to sleep/circadian rhythms & maternal-infant synchronization). The PI and investigative team have the content and methodological expertise that will ensure successful conduct of the proposed research. In line with the NIH Science of Behavior Change intervention development pipeline, data from this study will inform the targets and timing of maternal-infant behavioral interventions guided by circadian rhythms and infant appetite development to reduce obesity risk and promote intergenerational cardiometabolic health.