Structural racism and youth firearm violence: Socioecological mechanisms and resilience

摘要 结构性种族主义和青年枪支暴力：机制和复原力 虽然枪支暴力是美国青少年（10至24岁）死亡的主要原因，像其他公共 在健康问题上，黑人青年不成比例地承担着非致命和致命火器伤害的负担。历史 (e.g.,划红线）和当代（例如，种族化的经济隔离）形式的结构性种族主义， 被认为是造成枪支暴力和伤害方面种族不平等的因素。将这项研究转化为 文化上敏感的青年枪支暴力预防计划将需要解决几个关键问题， 关于结构性种族主义如何影响青年枪支暴力的知识差距。我们的首要目标是 产生知识，为解决潜在的下游问题的青年枪支预防计划提供信息 消除结构性种族主义的影响，通过解决三个知识差距加强社区资源。 首先，我们需要一个衡量标准来捕捉跨系统的种族主义（例如，住房、刑事司法）， 评估结构性种族主义对青年枪支暴力的影响。第二，我们需要一个跨学科的 可以阐明结构性种族主义和种族歧视之间联系的多方面机制的证据基础 和青年枪支暴力，为预防青年枪支暴力工作的发展提供信息， 结构性种族主义的后果。第三，我们需要确定能够减轻 结构性种族主义对青年枪支暴力的影响。识别这些促进（积极） 因素是至关重要的通知青年枪支暴力预防计划，既侧重于积极的 青年生活的各个方面，并利用社区资源（例如，自然导师）。我们建议 使用349名黑人青年（14-24岁）的纵向调查数据进行二次分析， 密歇根州弗林特市的急诊室我们将这些数据与社区级数据（例如， 美国社区调查，住房抵押贷款数据），以解决我们的三个具体目标：1）开发和验证 衡量结构性种族主义，并评估结构性种族主义对青年枪支暴力风险的直接影响; 2)测试将结构性种族主义与青年枪支暴力风险联系起来的纵向机制;以及3）确定 缓和结构性种族主义对青年枪支暴力风险影响的促进因素。意义 这一建议的一个重要方面是，它提供了一个第一次看看如何负面的社会生态和心理后果， 结构性种族主义塑造了黑人青年的枪支暴力。它还将为一个更大的 研究建议（例如，R 01），其中学术和社区合作伙伴共同设计和共同实施 纵向研究，以阐明青年人中从结构性种族主义到火器暴力的其他关键途径 大多数人受到枪支暴力和伤害的影响。

Abstract Structural Racism and Youth Firearm Violence: Mechanisms and Resilience While firearm violence is the leading cause of death for youth (ages 10 to 24) in the U.S., like other public health issues, Black youth disproportionately shoulder the burden of nonfatal and fatal firearm injury. Historical (e.g., redlining) and contemporary (e.g., racialized economic segregation) forms of structural racism have been identified as contributors to racial inequities in firearm violence and injury. Translating this research into culturally responsive youth firearm violence prevention programs will require addressing several critical knowledge gaps about how structural racism influences youth firearm violence. Our overarching goal is to generate knowledge to inform youth firearm prevention programs that address the insidious downstream effects of structural racism by strengthening community-based resources by addressing three knowledge gaps. First, we need a measure that captures racism across systems (e.g., housing, criminal justice) to accurately assess the influence of structural racism on youth firearm violence. Second, we need an interdisciplinary evidence base that can elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms underlying the link between structural racism and youth firearm violence to inform the development of youth firearm violence prevention efforts that address the consequences of structural racism. Third, we need to identify resilience-promotive factors that can mitigate the influence of structural racism on youth firearm violence. The identification of these promotive (positive) factors is critical for informing youth firearm violence prevention programs that both focuses on positive aspects in youths’ lives and leverages community-based resources (e.g., natural mentors). We propose to conduct secondary analyses using longitudinal survey data of 349 Black youth (ages 14-24) presenting to the primary emergency department in Flint, Michigan. We will link these data to community-level data (e.g., American Community Survey, home mortgage data) to address our three specific aims: 1) develop and validate a measure of structural racism and evaluate the direct effect of structural racism on youth firearm violence risk; 2) test longitudinal mechanisms bridging structural racism to youth firearm violence risk; and 3) identify promotive factors that moderate the effects of structural racism on youth firearm violence risk. The significance of this proposal is that it offers a first look at how negative socioecological and psychological consequences of structural racism shapes firearm violence among Black youth. It will also provide the foundation for a larger research proposal (e.g., R01) in which academic and community partners co-design and co-implement a longitudinal study to elucidate additional key pathways from structural racism to firearm violence among youth most impacted by firearm violence and injury.