Predictors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Preschool Children

学龄前儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的预测因素

• 批准号: 7152880
• 负责人: JEFFREY M HALPERIN
• 金额: $ 49.06万
• 依托单位: QUEENS COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2008-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7152880
• 关键词: 3' Untranslated Regions; 4 year old; 6 year old; Abate; Adoption; Affect; Age; Age-Years; Alleles; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Assay; Brain region; Characteristics; Cheek structure; Child; Child Behavior; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Cognitive; Control Groups; Corpus striatum structure; DRD4 gene; Data; Depth; Development; Diagnosis; Direct Costs; Disease; Dopamine; Early Intervention; Effectiveness; Etiology; Event; Exons; Family; Feedback; Functional disorder; Future; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Databases; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Screening; Genetic Status; Goals; Heterogeneity; Home environment; Impulsivity; Individual; Invasive; Laboratories; Learning; Light; Longitudinal Studies; Maintenance; Measures; Mediation; Motor; Nature; Neurologic; Neuropsychological Tests; Numbers; Nursery Schools; Outcome; Parenting behavior; Parents; Perinatal; Personal Satisfaction; Phenocopy; Play; Predisposition; Preschool Child; Prevention intervention; Problem behavior; Rate; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Sample Size; Sampling; School-Age Population; Series; Severities; Specificity; Structure; Subgroup; Swab; Symptoms; Temperament; Time; Training; United States National Institutes of Health; Untranslated Regions; analog; base; behavior observation; case control; clinically significant; cost; disorder control; dopamine transporter; early childhood; elementary school; executive function; heuristics; inattention; neuroimaging; neuropsychological; performance tests; prenatal; prognostic; psychopharmacologic; receptor; size; skills; teacher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This longitudinal study is based upon the hypothesis that children with AD/HD represent a neurologically vulnerable group, but that the quality of parenting characteristics affects the manifestation and severity of symptoms. As such, evidence of neurological vulnerability, as assessed by neuropsychological tests in preschool children may be particularly useful for distinguishing between those "at risk" children who do and do not go on to develop AD/HD. Further, by assessing the quality of parenting skills during the preschool age, we hypothesize that there will be an interaction such that the combination of neuropsychological deficits and negative parenting characteristics will portend adverse outcome during the school-age years for at risk preschool children. The primary aim is to determine whether neuropsychological and parenting factors, independently and in combination, distinguish between inattentive/hyperactive preschool children who do and do not develop AD/HD. The goal is to recruit and follow a large sample of 3 and 4 year-old "at risk" and control children for whom behavioral, neuropsychological and parenting data are collected at baseline. Subsequently, behavioral ratings will be gathered every six months, and more in-depth clinical, neuropsychological and parenting assessments will be conducted annually. The primary dependent measures for this study will be collected when the children are six years-old. In addition, a secondary aim is to examine the extent to which genetic status has predictive validity for the emergence of ADHD, and the degree to which genetic status relates to neuropsychological findings and interacts with parenting factors in the emergence of AD/HD.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项纵向研究基于以下假设：患有 AD/HD 的儿童代表神经学上的弱势群体，但养育特征的质量会影响症状的表现和严重程度。因此，通过学龄前儿童的神经心理学测试评估的神经脆弱性证据可能特别有助于区分那些“有风险”的儿童是否会继续发展 AD/HD。此外，通过评估学龄前儿童的养育技能质量，我们假设存在一种相互作用，即神经心理缺陷和消极养育特征的结合将预示着高危学龄前儿童在学龄期间的不良后果。 主要目的是确定神经心理学和养育因素是否单独或结合起来区分患有和不患有 AD/HD 的注意力不集中/过度活跃的学龄前儿童。目标是招募和跟踪大量 3 岁和 4 岁“处于危险中”的儿童并进行控制，并在基线时收集这些儿童的行为、神经心理学和育儿数据。随后，行为评级将每六个月收集一次，并且每年将进行更深入的临床、神经心理学和育儿评估。本研究的主要抚养指标将在孩子六岁时收集。此外，第二个目的是检查遗传状态对 ADHD 出现的预测有效性的程度，以及遗传状态与神经心理学发现的相关程度以及在 AD/HD 出现中与养育因素相互作用的程度。