Training Executive, Attention, and Motor Skills (TEAMS): Preliminary Studies

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的应用程序是进行基础工作的发展“训练执行，注意力和运动技能（TEAMS）”，一种新的干预学龄前儿童注意力缺陷/多动症（ADHD）。TEAMS旨在持久减少儿童的ADHD症状和相关损伤，从而防止ADHD在整个生命周期中经常发生的慢性和高度损害过程。TEAMS基于以下概念：1）ADHD的行为表现是神经网络缺陷的结果，这些神经网络影响了广泛的神经认知和行为过程，这些过程在所有患有这种疾病的儿童中不一定是相同的; 2）神经发育对适当的环境影响敏感，并且可以受到积极的影响; 3）有效的环境刺激将在动态的社会背景中最好地实现;以及4）儿童参与治疗的核心活动必须是内在有益的（即，乐趣）而不是额外增强（例如，表扬或象征），以便于自我强加的干预的持续，这将导致随着时间和跨设置的泛化。我们建议，这些目标可以通过使用类似游戏的活动来实现，这些活动需要一系列的神经认知和运动技能，并穿插体育锻炼。TEAMS将在一个小团体环境中进行管理（大约5名儿童）。一个同时发生的家长小组将专注于帮助他们让他们的孩子在家里参加这些类似游戏和锻炼的活动。此外，将要求家长鼓励他们的孩子和他/她的同龄人之间进行这种游戏，以促进我们的临床环境之外的实施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed application is to conduct the ground work for the development of "Training Executive, Attention and Motor Skills (TEAMS)," a novel intervention for preschool children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). TEAMS is designed to result in enduring reductions of ADHD symptoms and associated impairments in children, and thus prevent the chronic and highly impairing course that ADHD oftentimes takes throughout the lifespan. TEAMS is based on the notions that: 1) the behavioral manifestations of ADHD are the result of deficient neural networks that affect a wide array of neurocognitive and behavioral processes which are not necessarily identical in all children with the disorder; 2) neurodevelopment is sensitive to and can be positively affected by appropriate environmental influences; 3) effective environmental stimulation will be best achieved within a dynamic social context; and 4) the engagement of the child in the core activities of the treatment must be intrinsically rewarding (i.e., fun) rather than extrinsically reinforced (e.g., praise or tokens) in order to facilitate self- imposed continuation of the intervention which will lead to generalization over time and across settings. We propose that these goals can be achieved through the use of game-like activities which place demands on an array of neurocognitive and motor skills, interspersed with periods of physical exercise. TEAMS will be administered within the context of a small group setting (Approximately 5 children). A concurrently-occurring parent group will focus on helping them to engage their children in these game-like and exercise activities at home. In addition, parents will be asked to encourage such play among their child and his/her peers so as to facilitate implementation outside of our clinical setting.