Genetic Factors for Breast Cancer- A genome Wide Study

描述(申请人提供)：乳腺癌是世界上许多地区女性最常见的恶性肿瘤。遗传因素在乳腺癌的病因中起着重要作用。然而，到目前为止，只发现了几个乳腺癌易感基因，而且它们只解释了普通人群中乳腺癌病例的很小一部分。在过去的10年里，进行了大量的候选基因研究。然而，这些研究显然不足以完全揭示乳腺癌的遗传基础。随着最近高通量基因分型技术的显著进步，进行全基因组关联(GWA)研究以系统评估乳腺癌的遗传危险因素已成为可能。本申请中建议的GWA多阶段研究将建立在NCI资助的两项正在进行的大型研究中的资源基础上，上海乳腺癌研究(R01 CA64277)是基于人群的病例对照研究，而上海妇女健康研究(RO1 CA70867)是基于人群的前瞻性队列研究。这项拟议的研究将包括大约8000例乳腺癌病例和对照。在研究的第一阶段，我们将使用Illumina Human Hap550珠芯片对1000个病例和1000个对照进行GWA扫描。然后，我们将选择10,600个最有希望的SNPs，在1500个病例和1500个对照的独立样本中进行验证研究。所有有希望的SNPs将使用从前瞻性上海妇女健康研究中挑选的1000例病例和2000名对照的数据进一步验证。这项新提出的研究的母项目进行得非常好，具有很强的方法学。这项拟议研究的可行性和实用性已在我们的初步研究中得到明确的证明。这项研究是独一无二的，具有许多独特的特征，有助于对乳腺癌遗传因素进行严格评估。这项研究的结果将对确定乳腺癌一级和二级预防的高危妇女有价值。公共卫生相关性：遗传因素和基因-环境相互作用被认为是导致大多数乳腺癌的原因，但到目前为止，只有少数病例是由基因因素解释的。我们提出的大型流行病学研究将全面评估遗传标记与乳腺癌风险的关系。这项研究将对确定乳腺癌一级和二级预防的高危妇女产生有价值的结果。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in many parts of the world. Genetic factors play an important role in the etiology of breast cancer. However, to date, only a few breast cancer susceptibility genes have been identified, and they explain only a very small fraction of breast cancer cases in the general population. A large number of candidate-gene studies have been conducted over the past 10 years. These studies, however, are clearly inadequate to fully uncover the genetic basis of breast cancer. With recent significant advances in high-throughput genotyping technologies, it has become feasible to conduct genome-wide association (GWA) studies to systematically evaluate genetic risk factors for breast cancer. The multi-phase GWA study proposed in this application will be built upon the resources established in two large, on-going studies funded by NCI, the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study (R01 CA64277) a population-based case-control study, and the Shanghai Women's Health Study (RO1 CA70867) a population-based prospective cohort study. Approximately 8,000 breast cancer cases and controls will be included in this proposed study. In the first phase of the study, we will conduct a GWA scan in 1,000 cases and 1,000 controls using the Illumina HumanHap550 BeadChip. We will then select the 10,600 most promising SNPs for a validation study in an independent sample of 1500 cases and 1500 controls. All promising SNPs will be further validated using data from 1000 cases and 2000 controls selected from the prospective Shanghai Women's Health Study. The parent projects of this newly-proposed study have been exceptionally well-conducted with a strong methodology. The feasibility and utility of the proposed study have been clearly demonstrated in our pilot study. The study is unique and has many unique features that facilitate a rigorous evaluation of breast cancer genetic factors. The results from the study will be valuable in identifying high risk women for primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Genetic factors and gene-environment interaction are believed to cause most breast cancers, yet only a small number of cases are explained by genetic factors identified thus far. The large epidemiologic study we propose will comprehensively evaluate genetic markers in relation to breast cancer risk. This study will generate valuable results for the identification of high-risk women for the primary and secondary prevention of breast cancer.