2021 Neural Crest and Cranial Placodes GRC/GRS

项目总结 神经脊细胞和颅骨安慰剂具有共同的进化和胚胎学起源，是基本的 对脊椎动物发育、进化和疾病的重要性。它们共同构成了脑部感觉神经节， 但就个体而言，它们各自产生了令人难以置信的多样化的细胞类型和组织阵列。神经脊细胞 形成头部和面部的大部分骨、软骨和结缔组织，产生牙本质 成牙本质细胞、睫状肌和眼部角膜内皮细胞、心肌细胞和 心脏的主-肺间隔，肾上腺的嗜铬细胞，皮肤的色素细胞，所有 外周神经胶质细胞、外周自主神经和肠神经，以及大多数外周体感神经元。 安慰剂形成成对的外周感觉的感觉受体、传入神经和支持细胞 器官(鼻、内耳、侧线系统)、双眼晶状体、头颅躯体感觉(三叉神经) 神经元和内脏感觉(鳃上)神经元传递来自心脏的各种信息， 肠道和其他内脏器官，以及味蕾，以及内分泌腺垂体，这对 生育力和动态平衡。 神经脊细胞和颅骨安慰剂为研究细胞和组织诱导提供了实验范例， 干细胞多能性，图案化，形态发生，内陷，上皮-间充质转化，迁移 和差异化。神经脊细胞和安慰剂是脊椎动物进化的同义词，而 它们的发展是一系列出生缺陷和疾病的基础，包括头面部畸形， 心脏和胃肠异常、感觉障碍、生理功能异常和癌症。 关于神经脊细胞和颅骨安慰剂的GRC和GRS汇集了不同的领先群体 科学家致力于神经脊细胞和胎盘生物学的方方面面。这次会议提供了一个机会来 展示未发表的数据和新的方法，形成新的合作，指导初级科学家，并建立 在支持性环境中建立职业关系网。会议的目标是加快 交流跨不同模式系统的跨学科进展，以促进 并加深了我们对神经脊细胞和颅骨安慰剂在基因组、转录水平上的理解 和蛋白质组水平。人神经脊细胞和胎盘衍生物的研究进展 干细胞对我们理解脊椎动物的发育和进化具有重要意义 先天性疾病的发病机制及组织工程学在再生医学中的应用前景。

PROJECT SUMMARY Neural crest cells and cranial placodes share evolutionary and embryological origins and are of fundamental importance to vertebrate development, evolution and disease. Together, they form the cranial sensory ganglia, but individually they each give rise to an incredibly diverse array of cell types and tissues. Neural crest cells form most of the bone, cartilage and connective tissue of the head and face, the dentine-producing odontoblasts of teeth, the ciliary muscles and corneal endothelium of the eye, cardiomyocytes and aorticopulmonary septum of the heart, chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland, pigment cells in the skin, all peripheral glia, peripheral autonomic and enteric neurons, and most peripheral somatosensory neurons. Placodes form the sensory receptors, afferent innervation and support cells of the paired peripheral sense organs (nose, inner ear, lateral line system), the lenses of the paired eyes, cranial somatosensory (trigeminal) neurons and visceral sensory (epibranchial) neurons that transmit a wide variety of information from the heart, gut and other visceral organs, as well as taste buds, and the endocrine adenohypophysis which is important for fertility and homeostasis. Neural crest cells and cranial placodes provide experimental paradigms for studying cell and tissue induction, stem cell multipotency, patterning, morphogenesis, invagination, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration and differentiation. Neural crest cells and placodes are synonymous with vertebrate evolution, and defects in their development underlie a broad range of birth defects and diseases including craniofacial malformations, cardiac and gastrointestinal anomalies, sensory deficits, abnormal physiological function and cancer. This GRC and GRS on Neural Crest Cells and Cranial Placodes brings together a diverse group of leading scientists working on all aspects of neural crest cell and placode biology. The conference offers the chance to present unpublished data and novel approaches, form new collaborations, mentor junior scientists, and build professional networks in a supportive environment. The goals of the conference are to accelerate the exchange of interdisciplinary advances across different model systems, to promote technological innovations in the field, and deepen our understanding of neural crest cells and cranial placodes at genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Recent advances in generating neural crest cell and placode derivatives from human stem cells have major implications for our understanding of vertebrate development and evolution, the pathogenesis of congenital disorders and the promise of tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.