The role of short-term memory in sentence production

短期记忆在句子产生中的作用

• 批准号: 7625048
• 负责人: Lloyd R Slevc
• 金额: $ 5.01万
• 依托单位: RICE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-29 至 2010-06-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7625048
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alzheimer' s Disease; Aphasia; Applications Grants; Architecture; Brain Injuries; Buffers; Communication; Comprehension; Control Groups; Critiques; Data; Data Set; Development; Disease; Dissociation; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Individual Differences; Language; Language Disorders; Lead; Learning; Lesion; Light; Link; Maintenance; Memory; Memory impairment; Methodology; Minor; Modeling; Names; Nature; Patients; Performance; Play; Preparation; Process; Production; Property; Publications; Research; Role; Semantic memory; Semantics; Short-Term Memory; Source; Staging; Structure; Students; System; Training; Water; Work; aphasic; base; design; effective therapy; experience; interest; language processing; lexical; memory process; phonology; phrases; research study; response; responsible research conduct; sound; syntax; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary: The main objective of the proposed research is to understand how short-term memory (STM) processes interact with sentence production, both in normal and in brain-damaged individuals. To this end, the proposed experiments will examine several sentence production phenomena in aphasic patients with specific types of STM deficits, and in neurologically normal control subjects. One set of proposed experiments will investigate speakers' tendency to choose syntactic structures allowing for early mention of both accessible and of given information (accessibility effects and given-new ordering), to see what kinds of memory representations underlie these effects. These effects will be assessed both in tightly controlled experimental methodologies and in more naturalistic production tasks. This will not only extend the validity of our findings, but also will provide a rich source of sentence production data to generate future hypotheses. The second set of proposed experiments will investigate speakers' tendency to repeat syntactic structures (syntactic priming), and investigate the role of inhibition in speakers' choices between syntactic alternatives. In both sets of experiments, the goal is to better understand the mechanisms underlying these sentence production phenomena by examining how patient groups dissociate from control groups, thus illuminating the role played by STM in sentence production. The results of these studies should inform both theories of sentence production and of STM. Finally, after receiving training in lesion-deficit analysis and functional MRI, further experiments will be designed and conducted during the final year of support. These studies should further illuminate the relationship between STM, inhibition, and sentence production. Relevance: Problems with sentence production and with short-term memory (STM) are associated with a variety of disorders (including aphasia and Alzheimer's disease). A better understanding of how sentence production relies on STM should be helpful not only for theories of language production and of memory, but also should lead to a better understanding of exactly what underlies the language deficits in brain-damaged patients. This, in turn, is likely to aid in the development of effective therapies.

描述（由申请人提供）：项目概述：拟议研究的主要目标是了解短期记忆（STM）过程如何与句子产生相互作用，无论是在正常还是在脑损伤的个体中。为此，拟议的实验将检查几个句子生产的现象，在失语症患者与特定类型的STM赤字，并在神经正常的控制对象。一组拟议的实验将调查说话人的倾向，选择句法结构，允许提前提到的可及性和给定的信息（可及性效应和给定的新的顺序），看看什么样的记忆表征这些效果的基础。这些影响将在严格控制的实验方法和更自然的生产任务中进行评估。这不仅将扩展我们的研究结果的有效性，而且还将提供丰富的句子生产数据源，以生成未来的假设。第二组实验将研究说话人重复句法结构的倾向（句法启动），并研究抑制在说话人选择句法替代方案中的作用。在这两组实验中，我们的目标是更好地了解这些句子产生现象的机制，通过研究患者组如何从控制组中分离出来，从而阐明STM在句子产生中所起的作用。这些研究的结果将为句子产生理论和短时记忆理论提供信息。最后，在接受损伤缺陷分析和功能性MRI培训后，将在最后一年的支持期间设计和进行进一步的实验。这些研究将进一步阐明短时记忆、抑制和句子产生之间的关系。相关性：句子产生和短期记忆（STM）的问题与各种疾病（包括失语症和阿尔茨海默病）有关。更好地理解句子产生是如何依赖短时记忆的，不仅有助于语言产生和记忆的理论，而且有助于更好地理解脑损伤患者语言缺陷的确切原因。反过来，这可能有助于开发有效的治疗方法。