The molecular basis of morphological change; antennal variation in crustaceans

形态变化的分子基础；

• 批准号: 7529197
• 负责人: Meredith E Protas
• 金额: $ 5.17万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7529197
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Biological Assay; Biology; Candidate Disease Gene; Crustacea; Development; Developmental Biology; Disease; Evolution; Fresh Water; Gene Expression; Genes; Genetic; Goals; Human Genetics; Human Genome; Insecta; Laboratories; Length; Medical; Methods; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Morphology; Mutation; Phenotype; Population; Process; Sensory; Structure; Surface; Thick; Time; Variant; base; insight; interest; research study; tool; trait

Determining how morphological differences arise is a subject of great importance in evolutionary biology but one that has been very difficult to address experimentally. However, with the recent advent of the field of evolutionary and developmental biology (evo-devo), it is now becoming feasible to bring new and interesting species into the lab to ask molecular and genetic questions. Most evo-devo studies either focus on macroevolution (large-scale) or microevolution (small-scale). Microevolutionary studies have been very valuable in discovering genetic changes causing morphological change because the time difference separating the populations in question is relatively short. One question that still remains is whether the path of microevolutionary change represents on a shorter time scale the path of changes on a larger time scale. To really understand the evolution of morphological change in speciation, we need to address the seemingly impossible goal of looking at the genetics of morphological evolution in species separated by great time differences. One way of bridging the gap between evolution on a short time scale and evolution on a longer time scale is to look at a morphology that shows great diversity both within species and between species. We propose to study antennal development molecularly and genetically across three different time scales: between insects and crustaceans, between different crustacean species, and within a crustacean species that has intraspecific antennal variation. We will be using a candidate gene approach, assaying gene expression of genes known to be involved in antennal development in insects in crustacean species with differing antennal morphologies. We will also functionally pursue some of these genes in the crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis, a species amenable to molecular analyses. Using a candidate genetic approach, we will examine intraspecific antennal variation in a species that has cave and surface dwelling populations. Studying the genetic and molecular basis behind phenotypic change is very important from a medical standpoint; one of the major goals in human genetics is to figure out what genetic changes are responsible for diseases and other conditions. Understanding the genetic and molecular basis of phenotypic change in species in which laboratory experiments are possible will allow insight into the process of evolution: what types of genes are affected, what types of mutations are in these genes, and how much of the variation in a particular trait is encoded genetically and environmentally. This information will yield a greater understanding of evolutionary change which will be helpful in the analysis of the human genome.

确定形态差异如何产生是进化论中非常重要的课题 生物学，但这是一个很难通过实验解决的问题。然而，随着最近的出现 在进化和发育生物学（evo-devo）领域，现在引入新的和 有趣的物种进入实验室询问分子和遗传问题。 大多数进化-进化研究要么关注宏观进化（大规模），要么关注微观进化（小规模）。 微观进化研究对于发现导致形态学变化的遗传变化非常有价值 变化是因为相关人群之间的时间差相对较短。一个问题 仍然剩下的问题是，微进化变化的路径是否代表了更短的时间尺度上的变化。 更大时间尺度上的变化路径。真正了解形态变化的演化过程 物种形成，我们需要解决看似不可能的目标，即观察形态遗传学 因巨大的时间差异而分开的物种的进化。 弥合短期进化和较长时间进化之间差距的一种方法 尺度是为了观察物种内部和物种之间表现出巨大多样性的形态。我们 提议在三个不同的时间尺度上从分子和遗传学角度研究触角发育： 昆虫和甲壳类动物之间、不同甲壳类动物物种之间以及甲壳类动物物种内 具有种内触角变异。我们将使用候选基因方法来分析基因 已知参与甲壳类昆虫触角发育的基因的表达 不同的触角形态。我们还将在甲壳类动物中寻找其中一些基因的功能 Parhyale hawaiensis，一种适合分子分析的物种。使用候选遗传方法，我们 将检查具有洞穴和地表居住种群的物种的种内触角变异。 研究表型变化背后的遗传和分子基础对于医学来说非常重要 立场;人类遗传学的主要目标之一是找出基因变化的原因 对于疾病和其他状况。了解表型变化的遗传和分子基础 可以进行实验室实验的物种将有助于深入了解进化过程：什么 受影响的基因类型、这些基因中的突变类型以及基因中的变异有多少 特定特征是由遗传和环境编码的。这些信息将产生更大的 了解进化变化将有助于分析人类基因组。