OMEGA-3

该子项目是利用 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是 中心，不一定是研究者的机构。 骨质疏松症是一种骨质变薄的疾病，导致骨折，发生最小的创伤。与骨质疏松症有关的直接医疗费用估计为每年140亿美元，与心力衰竭和哮喘的费用相当。 在65岁以上的一般人群中，虚弱或应对压力的生理储备不足估计为7%;虚弱与福尔斯和骨折的风险增加相关。 骨质疏松症和虚弱都被认为是炎症的一个促成因素。 鱼油中发现的ω-3脂肪酸[二十碳五烯酸（EPA，20：5 n-3）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22：6 n-3）]已被证明可以减少炎症标志物（细胞因子）并减少心脏病引起的死亡。 许多动物研究表明，鱼油（或EPA和DHA补充剂）抑制骨分解，增加饮食中的钙摄入量，并增强骨骼中的钙。 在人类身上进行的研究很少。 这些研究使用了必需脂肪酸的混合物，包括n-6和n-3脂肪酸。 N-6脂肪酸被认为会增加炎症，而N-3脂肪酸被认为会减少炎症。 脂肪酸的作用似乎取决于n-6至n-3的水平。 在一项研究中，研究人员证明，在一组患有骨质疏松症或低骨量的老年疗养院居民中，补充n-6/n-3脂肪酸混合物可在18个月内增加脊柱和髋关节的骨矿物质密度或骨厚度。 据我们所知，没有研究评估n-3脂肪酸在虚弱综合征中的作用，其特征是肌肉减少症或肌肉损失，炎症，低雌激素，生长激素和睾酮水平，营养不良和残疾。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Osteoporosis is a bone thinning disease that results in fractures that occur with minimal trauma. The direct health care costs related to osteoporosis are estimated to be 14 billion dollars per year, comparable to costs in heart failure and asthma. Frailty or poor physiologic reserve to deal with stressors, in the general population over age 65 is estimated to be 7%; frailty is associated with an increase risk of falls and fracture. Both osteoporosis and frailty are thought to have inflammation as a contributing factor. Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil [eicopentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docohexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3)] have been shown to decrease markers of inflammation (cytokines) and decrease death due to heart disease. A number of studies in animals suggest that fish oil (or EPA and DHA supplementation) inhibits bone break down, increases calcium absorped from the diet and and enhances calcium in bone. Studies done in humans are few. The studies have used a mix of essential fatty acids including n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. N-6 fatty acids are thought to increase inflammation while n-3 fatty acids are thought to decrease inflammation. The effects of the fatty acids appear to depend on the level of n-6 to n-3. In one study, investigators demonstrated that n-6/n-3 fatty acid mixture supplementation increased bone mineral density or bone thickness of the spine and hip over 18 months in a group of older, nursing home residents with osteoporosis or low bone mass. As far as we know, no study as evaluated the role of n-3 fatty acids in the frailty syndrome, characterized by sarcopenia or muscle loss, inflammation, low estrogen, growth hormone and testosterone levels, poor nutrition and disability.