HUMAN STUDY: BRAIN MECHANISM OF IMPULSIVITY IN BINGE EATING DISORDER

这个项目的首要目标是测试冲动性是病态饮食的基础这一假设， 患有暴食症（BED）的肥胖参与者。我们的模型认为暴饮暴食类似于 药物成瘾，冲动是这些成瘾行为的潜在因素。对患有以下疾病患者的研究 据报道，神经性贪食症患者比正常对照组更容易冲动， 治疗反应差和暴食症患者的高冲动性之间的关系。床上的工作越来越少， 肥胖的人;然而，冲动可能会在过度饮食中发挥重要作用。这 最近的一项研究支持了这一假设，该研究表明，患有BED的女性在以下方面表现出更大的运动冲动： Barratt冲动量表与无BED的受试者相比（Nasser等人，2004）。在拟议的研究中， 认知和运动形式的冲动将在有和没有床的参与者中进行测试，使用延迟 贴现（DD）和去/不去任务，神经认知和人格测试，甜食偏好测试， 磁共振成像（MRI）测试冲动是否与潜在的 BED患者和对照组的神经生物学异常。磁共振波谱（MRS）将 用BED测量脑GABA水平，用弥散张量成像（DTI）观察 白色物质异常，已发现在可卡因滥用个人。成像结果将 与人格，冲动和神经心理学数据有关，从而调查了 床上的冲动还将测试BED组和对照组的甜味偏好， 甜食预示着冲动行为和各种形式的药物滥用。本项目的具体目标 是：1）评估与体重匹配的对照组相比，BED参与者的冲动性， 在DD和Go/No-go任务上的表现，并将结果与人格工具、神经认知 测量、甜味偏好和成像结果。还将与使用可卡因进行比较 2）评估患有BED的参与者中的白色微结构， 对照组采用DTI测量，3）评估BED参与者和对照组的大脑GABA， MRS和相关结果与疾病持续时间以及冲动性，个性和 神经认知测试大多数提出的技术从未用于床旁患者， 这些发现将有助于理解BED，可卡因成瘾和冲动之间的关系。 这些发现可能有助于BED的早期筛查，预防肥胖，以及行为和 用于肥胖个体的药物治疗。

The overarching goal of this project is to test the hypothesis that impulsivity underlies pathological eating in obese participants with Binge Eating Disorder (BED). Our model proposes that binge eating is analogous to drug addiction, and impulsivity is an underlying factor in these addictive behaviors. Studies on patients with bulimia nervosa have reported greater impulsivity compared to normal controls, and there is an association between poor treatment response and high impulsivity in bulimics. There has been less work with BED and obese individuals; however, impulsivity might be expected to play a prominent role in excessive eating. This hypothesis is supported in a recent study indicating that women with BED show greater motor impulsivity on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale compared to those without BED (Nasser et al. 2004). In the proposed study, the cognitive and motor forms of impulsivity will be tested in participants with and without BED, using delay discounting (DD) and Go/No-go tasks, neurocognitive and personality tests, sweet-preference testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to test whether the impulsivity is associated with underlying neurobiological abnormalities in BED patients and controls. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) will be used to measure brain GABA levels with BED, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) will be used to observe white matter abnormalities that have been found in cocaine abusing individuals. Imaging results will be related to personality, impulsivity, and neuropsychological data, thus investigating the neurobiological roots of impulsivity in BED. BED and control groups will also be tested for sweet-taste preference, as preference for sweets is predictive of impulsive behavior and various forms of drug abuse. The specific aims for this project are: 1) To assess impulsivity in participants with BED compared to weight-matched controls by their performance on DD and Go/No-go tasks and to relate the results to personality instruments, neurocognitive measures, sweet preference, and imaging results. Comparisons will also be made to cocaine-using participants and controls in Project 2, 2) To assess white matter microstructure in participants with BED and controls using DTI measures, 3) to assess brain GABA in participants with BED and controls by employing MRS and correlating results with duration of illness as well as measures of impulsivity, personality and neurocognitive tests. Most of the proposed techniques have never been used in BED patients, and the findings will prove useful in understanding the relationship between BED, cocaine addiction, and impulsivity. These findings may aid in early screening of BED, prevention of obesity, and development of behavioral and pharmacological treatments for obese individuals.