CRCNS: Physiological and Computational Approaches to Understanding Neuronal Synch

CRCNS：理解神经元同步的生理学和计算方法

• 批准号: 7673791
• 负责人: Nathan Neal Urban
• 金额: $ 22.43万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7673791
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Attention; Behavioral; Brain; Cells; Cognition Disorders; Data; Dependence; Development; Disease; Electrodes; Etiology; Frequencies; Generations; In Vitro; Investigation; Lateral; Link; Literature; Membrane; Mus; Neurons; Noise; Pattern; Physiological; Play; Preparation; Property; Recurrence; Role; Schizophrenia; Slice; Source; Stimulus; Synapses; System; Work; design; interest; novel; olfactory bulb; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Neurons convey messages more effectively when firing together. Even modest increases in synchronization result in large changes in firing rate for downstream neurons. Synchronous activity, especially oscillatory synchrony, is observed in many brain networks and is thought to play an important role in representation of stimuli, propagation of activity and computation. Alterations of synchrony, especially in the gamma frequency range, have recently been implicated in the etiology in a number of cognitive disorders, most notably schizophrenia. However, linking the alterations in synchrony with the alterations in synaptic and cellular properties has proven difficult. Here we describe experiments designed to examine a novel mechanism for the generation of synchronous oscillations which we call stochastic synchrony. Recently, substantial interest has arisen in theoretical work describing synchronization of oscillating neurons by aperiodic, partially correlated, noisy inputs. We have shown experimentally that such inputs can generate oscillatory synchrony in uncoupled neurons (olfactory bulb mitral cells) and have proposed that this mechanism may account for the development of fast (gamma frequency) synchronous oscillations in the olfactory bulb. Here we propose further theoretical and experimental investigations of noise-induced synchronization in neurons more generally. Specifically, we propose to analyze the dependence of noise-induced synchronization on properties of the noisy inputs and on the dynamics of the oscillators. By combined experimental and theoretical investigation, we will determine which channel types are most critical for the development of synchrony by this mechanism. We also propose to study the interaction of noise-induced and connectivity-induced synchronization, as in many cases these two phenomena are likely to both be involved in generating patterns of synchronous activity across brain networks. By exploring this novel mechanism of gamma oscillations we hope to better understand how alteration of cellular and circuit-level properties can interfere with the development of normal gamma oscillations. Such work will have importance for understanding disorders such as schizophrenia, which are associated with altered gamma activity.

描述（由申请人提供）：神经元在一起放电时更有效地传递信息。即使同步的适度增加也会导致下游神经元放电速率的巨大变化。同步活动，特别是振荡同步，在许多大脑网络中被观察到，被认为在刺激的表征、活动的传播和计算中起着重要作用。同步性的改变，特别是在伽马频率范围内，最近被认为与许多认知障碍的病因有关，最明显的是精神分裂症。然而，将同步变化与突触和细胞特性的变化联系起来已被证明是困难的。在这里，我们描述的实验设计，以检查产生同步振荡的新机制，我们称之为随机同步。最近，人们对通过非周期、部分相关、噪声输入来描述振荡神经元同步的理论工作产生了浓厚的兴趣。我们已经通过实验证明，这种输入可以在不耦合的神经元（嗅球二尖瓣细胞）中产生振荡同步，并提出这种机制可能解释了嗅球中快速（伽马频率）同步振荡的发展。在这里，我们提出了进一步的理论和实验研究的噪声诱导神经元同步更普遍。具体来说，我们建议分析噪声诱导同步对噪声输入特性和振荡器动力学的依赖。通过结合实验和理论研究，我们将确定哪种通道类型对这种机制的同步发展最为关键。我们还建议研究噪声诱导和连接诱导的同步的相互作用，因为在许多情况下，这两种现象都可能涉及在大脑网络中产生同步活动的模式。通过探索这种新的伽马振荡机制，我们希望更好地理解细胞和电路级性质的改变如何干扰正常伽马振荡的发展。这样的工作对于理解精神分裂症等疾病具有重要意义，这些疾病与伽马射线活动的改变有关。