GENETICS OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 如今，生物恐怖主义的威胁日益增加，再次引发了人们对天花的担忧。为平民大规模接种疫苗或重新接种疫苗，作为预防可能发生的生物恐怖袭击的措施，目前是一个重要的公共卫生问题。然而，天花疫苗并非没有风险。由天花相关病毒牛痘组成的活病毒疫苗是所有疫苗中不良反应发生率最高的。最严重的是牛痘湿疹(EV)，这是一种潜在威胁生命的疾病，病毒在皮肤上肆无忌惮地传播。如果不治疗，EV会导致严重的全身症状，类似感染性休克，导致40%的病例死亡。2岁以下儿童的死亡率更高。特别危险的个人包括那些有特应性皮炎(AD)病史的人。AD在儿童和年轻人中最常见，AD和其他特应性疾病的全球流行率一直在上升。最近的研究表明，超过10%的儿童受到阿尔茨海默病的影响。生物恐怖主义的威胁越来越大，天花病毒可能被用作生物武器，再加上普通民众缺乏天然或疫苗诱导的免疫力，可以理解的是，这导致了关于恢复常规天花疫苗接种的讨论。目前还不能预测谁会感染EV，尽管由于40%的美国人口对牛痘免疫不敏感，免疫损害因素(如AD等皮肤病)现在比过去更普遍，EV的发病率很可能比天花疫苗接种常规的时代更高。在任何有关天花疫苗接种的公共卫生讨论中，必须仔细考虑这些风险。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Today's increased threat of bioterrorism has caused renewed concern about smallpox. Large-scale vaccination or re-vaccination of the civilian population as a prophylactic measure against possible bioterrorist attack is currently an important public health concern. However, the smallpox vaccine is not without risk. The live-virus vaccine, composed of the smallpox-related virus vaccinia, has the highest rate of adverse reactions among all vaccines. Most serious is eczema vaccinatum (EV), a potentially life-threatening condition in which the virus spreads unchecked throughout the skin. When untreated, EV causes severe systemic symptoms resembling septic shock leading to death in 40% of cases. Mortality rates are higher in children under 2 years of age. Individuals particularly at risk include those with a history of atopic dermatitis (AD). AD is most common in children and young adults and the global prevalence of AD and other atopic disorders has been on the rise. Recent studies suggest that more than 10% of children are affected by AD. The increased threat of bioterrorism and the possibility of the smallpox virus for use as a biological weapon, coupled with the lack of natural or vaccine-induced immunity among the general population, have understandably led to discussion about reinstating routine smallpox vaccination. It cannot be predicted who will get EV, although, since 40% of the U.S. population is immunologically na¿ve to vaccinia and immuno-compromising factors (skin diseases such as AD) are more prevalent today than in the past, the rate of EV would most likely be higher than during the era when smallpox vaccination was routine. These risks must be carefully considered in any public health discussion regarding smallpox vaccination.