FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VENTRAL STREAM IN NORMALLY DEVELOPING CHILDREN

正常发育儿童腹侧流的功能组织

• 批准号: 7604736
• 负责人: BARBARA LANDAU
• 金额: $ 0.03万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-01 至 2007-09-16
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7604736
• 关键词: Address; Adolescent; Adult; Age; Area; Behavioral; Categories; Child; Cognitive; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Control Groups; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Face; Facility Construction Funding Category; Felis catus; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Genetic; Grant; Housing; Human; Image; Impairment; Institution; Laboratories; Lead; Memory; Memory impairment; Mutation; Occipital lobe; Pattern; Performance; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Purpose; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Shoes; Short-Term Memory; Source; Steam; Stimulus; Stream; System; Testing; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Visual; Visuospatial; Williams Syndrome; developmental disease; fusiform face area; mental age; novel strategies; object recognition; relating to nervous system; research study; young adult

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The present studies examine whether the visual object category-dependent activity found among adults in ventral stream areas, including posterior temporal and ventrolateral occipital cortices, exists during development and whether this organization is disrupted by a developmental disorder. The disorder examined is Williams syndrome (WS), a rare genetic deficit characterized by an uneven cognitive profile. People with WS have intact face recognition capacities in spite of severe impairments on visual spatial tasks such as block construction. This pattern of visual abilities has led to the proposal that the genetic defect in WS does not alter the visual representations underlying object recognition in the ventral stream but does cause extensive damage to the visual spatial representations subserved by the dorsal stream. The purpose of these studies is to evaluate this claim by examining in detail ventral stream function in WS. We will compare the pattern of fMRI activation in adolescents and young adults with WS to normally developing populations. Two normally developing control groups will be used, adolescents and young adults matched on chronological age (CA matches) and children matched in mental age (MA matches). Currently, little evidence exists on the development of the ventral stream, so we will first examine whether children display similar ventral steam organization to that found previously in adults, and then whether people with WS resemble either CA or MA matches. This evidence will address an ongoing debate on whether genetic deficits with severe consequences lead to novel strategies and neural reorganization over development (Karmiloff-Smith, 1998). To examine this, two functional MRI experiments are proposed. One task will use passive viewing of human faces, houses, cats, and shoes to test ventral stream function. The second task will use a working memory paradigm with the same objects. By utilizing a variety of object kinds as stimuli, we can investigate whether the spared face recognition abilities found in WS indicate a fully functioning ventral stream, a small area of preserved function in the Fusiform Face Area (FFA), or an alternative system. Passive viewing provides a task with low task demands, thus minimizing confounds related to task difficulty. The well-established memory paradigm also has distinct benefits; in addition to producing robust ventral stream activity, it enables us to examine prefrontal activation and assess the relationship between activation and performance on the working memory task. In behavioral studies, people with WS display memory impairments with some object categories, a deficit that may reflect abnormal activation in prefrontal areas. These imaging studies, together with the extensive behavioral studies done in our laboratory, will provide crucial, detailed information on the visual functions subserved by the ventral stream and prefrontal cortex in people with Williams syndrome and normally developing children.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 本研究探讨是否视觉对象的类别依赖性活动中发现成人腹侧流领域，包括后颞叶和枕叶腹外侧皮质，存在于发展过程中，以及这种组织是否被破坏的发展障碍。检查的疾病是威廉姆斯综合征（WS），一种罕见的遗传缺陷，其特征是不均匀的认知概况。尽管WS患者在视觉空间任务（如积木构建）上存在严重障碍，但他们的人脸识别能力仍完好无损。这种视觉能力的模式导致了这样的建议，即WS的遗传缺陷不会改变腹侧流中物体识别的视觉表征，但会对背侧流所服务的视觉空间表征造成广泛的损害。这些研究的目的是通过详细检查腹侧流功能在WS评估这一说法。我们将比较功能磁共振成像激活的模式在青少年和年轻的成年人与WS正常发展的人群。将使用两个正常发育的对照组，即实际年龄匹配的青少年和年轻成人（CA匹配）和心理年龄匹配的儿童（MA匹配）。目前，几乎没有证据存在腹侧流的发展，所以我们将首先检查儿童是否显示类似的腹侧流组织，以前在成人中发现，然后WS的人是否类似于CA或MA匹配。这一证据将解决一个正在进行的争论，即具有严重后果的遗传缺陷是否会导致新的策略和神经重组超过发育（Karmiloff-Smith，1998）。 为了检验这一点，提出了两个功能性MRI实验。其中一项任务将使用被动观察人脸，房屋，猫和鞋子来测试腹侧流功能。第二个任务将使用相同对象的工作记忆范式。通过利用各种各样的物体作为刺激，我们可以研究WS中发现的备用人脸识别能力是否表明一个功能齐全的腹侧流，梭状面区（FFA）中保留功能的小区域，或替代系统。被动观看提供了具有低任务要求的任务，从而最小化与任务难度相关的混淆。完善的记忆范式也有明显的好处;除了产生强大的腹侧流活动，它使我们能够检查前额叶激活和评估激活和工作记忆任务的性能之间的关系。在行为研究中，WS患者对某些对象类别显示记忆障碍，这种缺陷可能反映了前额叶区域的异常激活。这些影像学研究，以及我们实验室进行的广泛的行为学研究，将为威廉姆斯综合征患者和正常发育儿童的腹侧流和前额叶皮层所提供的视觉功能提供重要的详细信息。