IMAGING THE AUTISTIC BRAIN BEFORE IT KNOWS IT HAS AUTISM

在自闭症患者知道自己患有自闭症之前对其大脑进行成像

• 批准号: 7681643
• 负责人: Karen L Pierce
• 金额: $ 22.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7681643
• 关键词: Achievement; Activities of Daily Living; Age; Age-Months; Anatomy; Area; Attention; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Symptoms; Biological Markers; Biology; Biostatistics Core; Birth; Blood flow; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Characteristics; Child; Clinical; Clinical assessments; Collaborations; Comparative Study; Computer Systems Development; Condition; Data; Defect; Development; Developmental Delay Disorders; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Emotions; Failure; Fingerprint; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Gene Expression; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Gestures; Hand; Human; Image; Individual; Infant; Invasive; Judgment; Knowledge; Language; Life; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Monitor; Nature; Neuroanatomy; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurophysiology - biologic function; Neurosciences; Outcome; Pattern; Perfusion; Psyche structure; Range; Rate; Reporting; Research; Rest; Risk; Scanning; Sensory; Severities; Siblings; Signal Transduction; Site; Sleep; Smiling; Sorting - Cell Movement; Speech; Spin Labels; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stimulus; Structure-Activity Relationship; Subgroup; Symptoms; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Toddler; Treatment Effectiveness; autism spectrum disorder; awake; base; design; developmental disease; hemodynamics; mental age; neonate; neurobehavioral; non rapid eye movement; prospective; relating to nervous system; research study; response; social; sound

No other period in human life matches the magnitude and astonishing increase in neural functional capacity as the transition from neonate to infant to toddler. Within a month or two following birth, the infant begins to smile and around first birthday begins to speak. Soon thereafter he coordinates speech and gesture in order to garner the attention of others. By the time he is two, he can speak in short sentences and has a rich repertoire of socio-emotional responding. Of all autism biology, the greatest mystery is what neural malfunction fails to provide this leap in social, emotional and language capacity. The only safe and powerful method for observing human neural function directly is functional MRI. While there are now thousands of fMRI studies in mature humans, not a single fMRI experiment has attempted to discover the neurofunctional bases of this incredible achievement in typical infants or its profound failure in the autistic infant. We have performed ground-breaking pilot fMRI studies of typical and autistic toddlers mapping for the first time the regions of the brain that are involved in responding to language, social and emotion sounds. We have done this in the only way feasible: while the toddler is in natural sleep and not moving. This method of mapping neural function and malfunction allows testing to be done comparably regardless of developmental age or level of mental or behavioral ability; infants at all ages and levels of functioning can be studied equivalently. We therefore propose the first-of-its-kind fMRI study of infants at-risk for autism at 12 and 24 months. Our proposed natural sleep fMRI experiments will be the first to map the neural systems activated by social, emotional and language information in the autistic, developmental^ delayed, and typically developing infant. Abnormal fMRI activation patterns will be identified that characterize and predict social emotional and language behavioral deficits as measured in clinical assessment and diagnosis Core B. Behavioral deficits in these three areas are among the first red flags signaling possible autism in the infant, and through our studies we will identify the first neurofunctional biomarkers of early development in autism. Identification of these neural functional biomarkers of early development in autism will enable us through collaboration with the MRI Project 1, genetic Projects 3 and 4, the Treatment Core C and the Integrated Biostatistics Core D, to perform the first ever analyses that will establish relationships between brain function on the one hand and neuroanatomy, gene expression and genetic polymorphisms, clinical variables and treatment effectiveness on the other.

No other period in human life matches the magnitude and astonishing increase in neural functional capacity as the transition from neonate to infant to toddler. Within a month or two following birth, the infant begins to smile and around first birthday begins to speak. Soon thereafter he coordinates speech and gesture in order to garner the attention of others. By the time he is two, he can speak in short sentences and has a rich repertoire of socio-emotional responding. Of all autism biology, the greatest mystery is what neural malfunction fails to provide this leap in social, emotional and language capacity. The only safe and powerful method for observing human neural function directly is functional MRI. While there are now thousands of fMRI studies in mature humans, not a single fMRI experiment has attempted to discover the neurofunctional bases of this incredible achievement in typical infants or its profound failure in the autistic infant. We have performed ground-breaking pilot fMRI studies of typical and autistic toddlers mapping for the first time the regions of the brain that are involved in responding to language, social and emotion sounds. We have done this in the only way feasible: while the toddler is in natural sleep and not moving. This method of mapping neural function and malfunction allows testing to be done comparably regardless of developmental age or level of mental or behavioral ability; infants at all ages and levels of functioning can be studied equivalently. We therefore propose the first-of-its-kind fMRI study of infants at-risk for autism at 12 and 24 months. Our proposed natural sleep fMRI experiments will be the first to map the neural systems activated by social, emotional and language information in the autistic, developmental^ delayed, and typically developing infant. Abnormal fMRI activation patterns will be identified that characterize and predict social emotional and language behavioral deficits as measured in clinical assessment and diagnosis Core B. Behavioral deficits in these three areas are among the first red flags signaling possible autism in the infant, and through our studies we will identify the first neurofunctional biomarkers of early development in autism. Identification of these neural functional biomarkers of early development in autism will enable us through collaboration with the MRI Project 1, genetic Projects 3 and 4, the Treatment Core C and the Integrated Biostatistics Core D, to perform the first ever analyses that will establish relationships between brain function on the one hand and neuroanatomy, gene expression and genetic polymorphisms, clinical variables and treatment effectiveness on the other.