Cell Biology of alpha syn and Parkin and the Creation of Dynamic Cellular Models

α syn 和 Parkin 的细胞生物学以及动态细胞模型的创建

• 批准号: 7675944
• 负责人: MICHAEL GEBHARD SCHLOSSMACHER
• 金额: $ 37.65万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7675944
• 关键词: Animal Model; Antibody Affinity; Binding; Biochemical Genetics; Biochemistry; Biological Assay; Brain; Cell Death; Cell Line; Cell model; Cell physiology; Cellular biology; Cholera Toxin; Chronic; Commit; Complex; Condition; Data; Disease; Dopaminergic Cell; Elevation; Event; Exocytosis; Extracellular Fluid; Extracellular Space; Fatty Acids; Functional disorder; Glycosphingolipids; Grant; Human; Laboratories; Lead; Lectin; Length; Lewy Body Disease; Mass Spectrum Analysis; Membrane; Membrane Fluidity; Methods; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Modification; Mus; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurons; Normal tissue morphology; Oxidative Stress; Parkinson' s Dementia; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Phenotype; Physiological; Play; Polymers; Polysaccharides; Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids; Post-Translational Protein Processing; Primates; Process; Property; Proteins; Range; Rate; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Stress; Syndrome; System; Thin Layer Chromatography; Tissue Model; Tissues; Ubiquitination; Variant; Viral; alpha synuclein; base; dopaminergic neuron; extracellular; fatty acid metabolism; fly; glycosylation; human tissue; in vivo; loss of function; mutant; neuroprotection; neurotoxic; neurotoxicity; novel; parkin gene/protein; relating to nervous system; research study; synuclein; synuclein, alpha (non A4 component of amyloid precursor) protein, human

Evidence from many laboratories indicates that alpha-synuclein is implicated at the levels of both genetics and biochemical pathology in Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple systems atroohy and other alpha-synucleinopathies. In Project 2, two investigators who have collaborated productively during the current Udall grant period will pursue the central hypothesis that certain post-translational modifications -- including glycan-association, ubiquitination and oligomerization -- of alpha-synuclein (alphaS) may represent key pathogenic steps in both familial and "sporadic" forms of PD. Based on substantial progress on this hypothesis during the current grant period and extensive preliminary data, we propose two broad, interrelated Specific Aims that apply a range of methods in cell biology, biochemistry and animal modeling to the questions of how the normally soluble alphaS protein is converted into metastable oligomers and higher polymers and whether this pathological conversion arises from its normal properties or via a distinct toxic pathway. Our Specific Aims include: (1) to pursue our novel findings that physiological alterations in neuronal fatty acid metabolism, particularly in the levels of long-chain PUFAs, help regulate the oligomerization state of aS, and that this effect involves an interaction between PUFAs and alphaS that occurs normally but is exaggerated in PD, DLB and other disorders in which alphaS oligomerizes progressively; and (2) to characterize two distinct events in alphaS processing that we have identified in human tissue and model them in dopaminergic cells: a) the glycan association of alphaS that enables its binding to Parkin, and b) the exocytosis of alphaS. We are strongly committed to completing the structural and glycobiological analysis of aSp22 (which we have now purified to homogeneity by lectin and antibody affinity steps) and fully characterizing the non-covalent association of alphaS with complex glycans that we have found. As part of this second Aim, we will also study the potentially related mechanism of alphaS exocytotic release into extracellular fluids that we have detected in humans in vivo. These and related experiments detailed herein should provide information about distinct post-translational modifications that may enhance the accumulation and aggregation of human alphaS into potentially neurotoxic oligomers in PD and other synucleinopathies.

来自许多实验室的证据表明，α-突触核蛋白涉及帕金森病、路易体痴呆、多系统萎缩和其他α-突触核蛋白病的遗传学和生化病理学水平。在项目2中，两名在当前Udall资助期间富有成效地合作的研究人员将继续研究中心假设，即α-突触核蛋白（alphaS）的某些翻译后修饰-包括聚糖缔合，泛素化和寡聚化-可能代表家族性和“散发性”PD形式的关键致病步骤。基于在当前资助期内对这一假设的实质性进展和广泛的初步数据，我们提出了两个广泛的、相互关联的 具体目标是将细胞生物学、生物化学和动物模型中的一系列方法应用于以下问题：正常可溶的α S蛋白如何转化为亚稳态低聚物和更高的聚合物，以及这种病理性转化是否源于其正常特性或通过不同的毒性途径。我们的具体目标包括：（1）追求我们的新发现，即神经元脂肪酸代谢的生理学改变，特别是长链PUFA水平的改变，有助于调节aS的寡聚化状态，并且这种作用涉及PUFA和α S之间的相互作用，这种相互作用正常发生，但在PD、DLB和其他α S进行性寡聚化的疾病中被夸大;和（2）表征我们在人体组织中鉴定的α S加工中的两个不同事件，并在多巴胺能细胞中模拟它们：a）使其能够与帕金结合的α S的聚糖缔合，和B）α S的胞吐作用。我们坚定地致力于完成aSp 22的结构和糖生物学分析（我们现在已经通过凝集素和抗体亲和步骤将其纯化至均一性），并充分表征我们发现的α S与复杂聚糖的非共价缔合。 我们在人体内检测到的α S胞吐释放到细胞外液中的潜在相关机制。本文详述的这些和相关实验应提供关于不同的翻译后修饰的信息，所述翻译后修饰可增强人α S在PD和其他突触核蛋白病中积累和聚集成潜在神经毒性寡聚体。